Cell and tissue Injury

Question 1

steatosis

Answer 1

fatty change - abnormal retention of lipids

Question 2

oncosis

Answer 2

hydropic change

Question 3

Tell me about necrosis

Answer 3

often effects solid masses of tissue 
evokes an inflammatory response 
takes out cell groups 
cell membrane integrity becomes lost 
cell swelling and lysis
Dead cells are phagocytksed by inflammatory cells 
abnormal iron homeostasis

Question 4

What are the different types of necrosis

Answer 4

coagulate 
colliquative 
caseous 
gangrenous
fibrinoid 
fat necrosis

Question 5

What causes reduced apoptosis

Answer 5

neoplasia
autoimmune disease
virus infection

Question 6

what causes increased apoptosis

Answer 6

neurogenrative disorders

HIV infection of T-Lymphocytes

Question 7

what is coagulative necrosis

Answer 7

This is the most common type
coagulation of cellular proteins
initially firm but then soft

Question 8

colliquative

Answer 8

liquefaction with formation of cystic spaces

proteolysis dominates over coagulation

Question 9

caseous necrosis

Answer 9

TB

Question 10

Gangrenous necrosis

Answer 10

necrosis with putrefaction (rotting)

mostly in appendages

Question 11

fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 11

malignant hypertension

blood vessels

Question 12

pyroptosis

Answer 12

associated with salmonella infection, is apoptosis then develops into necrosis

Question 13

Healing

Answer 13

complete resolution

Question 14

labile tissues

Answer 14

blood, skin, gut

Question 15

stable tissues

Answer 15

liver, kidney

Question 16

permanent

Answer 16

neurones, skeletal muscle

Question 17

Healing by primary intension

Answer 17

this is when minimal damage has occurred as little to no tissue has been lost: This allows regeneration of scar tissue, apposed edges of wound join by a thin layer of fibrin, ultimately replaced by collagen

Question 18

Healing by secondary intension

Answer 18

This is when there is significant tissue loss

new blood vessels are laid down along with granulation tissue

Question 19

what is granulation

Answer 19

this is an intermediate substance:
- loops of capillaries
- collagen
- inflammatory cells
organises then deposition of collagen and contraction

Question 20

How do you tell the difference between healing by primary or secondary intension

Answer 20

wound contraction in the presence of myofibriblasts

Question 21

3 steps in bone healing

Answer 21

repair
remodelling
resolution

Question 22

Wound strength

Answer 22

sutures usually removed after the end of week 1
strength increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks
by the third month 70-80% strength should be restored

Question 23

What factors effect wound healing

Answer 23

systematic:
age
nutrition
metabolic status 
circulatory status
hormones
Local:
infection
mechanical factors 
foreign bodies
size, location and type of wound

Question 24

What are signs of an abnormal wound

Answer 24

deficient scar formation 
-reopening (dehiscence)
-ulceration
excessive formation o repair components 
-keloid scar (red and raised)
formation of contractors
-exaggerated contraction 
-deformity of the wound and surrounding tissues