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Y1S1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What makes up the spinal cord

A

encephalon and spinal cord
covered with a system of membranes (known as meninges)
Suspended in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia

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4
Q

CNS

A

Spinal cord
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum

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5
Q

What are the parts that make up the brain stem

A

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

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6
Q

What are the parts that make up the cerebrum

A

Telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere)

Diencephalon

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7
Q

What are neurons supported by

A

specialised glial cells called NEUROGLIA (there are a lot more neuroglia than neurons)
can readily regenerate

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8
Q

Role of satellite cells

A

support cell soma

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9
Q

Role of schwann cells

A

myelin production in PNS

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10
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin Production in CNS

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11
Q

Astrocytes - look like stars

A

Brain blood barrier

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12
Q

Microglia

A

hover up dead cells - scavengers

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13
Q

Ependymal cells

A

produce cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

Myelin Sheath

A 
Produced by:
- schwann cells (single) in the PNS
- oligodendroglia (multiple) in CNS
Myelin:
-insulation material
- rich in lipid and protein
- Makes conduction faster, requiring less energy
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15
Q

How do neurons communicate

A

via synapses, between axons and dendrites

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16
Q

What is a ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

inside = nucleus

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17
Q

Tell me about the Fibres surrounding the ganglion

A 
Preganglionic fibres= thin myelinated  axons from the brain stem or spinal cord)
postganglionic fibres (unmyelinated axons supplying smooth muscle and glands) MORE IN NUMBER
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18
Q

Tell me about neurons in an autonomic ganglion compared to those in sensory ganglion

A

they have dendrites where as sensory ganglions are unipolar and have only an axon

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19
Q

Gray matter

A

cell bodies of neurons + neuroganglia + unmyelinated neurites
On the surface of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres as well as in the depths of the cerebrum

20
Q

White matter THINK TRACKS

A

myelinated axons

spinal cord white matter is on the surface surrounding the grey matter

21
Q

Colour code of Axons

A 
blue = up and down
green = front/back
red = left/right
22
Q

Whats the role of the somatic nervous system

A

innervation of the skeletal muscles and is a voluntary response

23
Q

role of the autonomic/visceral nervous system

A

innervation of the cardiac and smooth muscles, glands
important for internal homeostasis
involuntary

24
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons located

A

lateral horn of T1-L2

25
Q

where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic neurons located

A

brain stem to S2-4 spinal cord segments

26
Q

tell me about the fibres in the sympathetic ganglia

A

short pre-synaptic fibres and long post-synaptic fibres

27
Q

tell me about the fibres in the parasympathetic ganglia

A

long pre-synatic fibres and short post-synpatic fibres

28
Q

What are the two layers of the DURA

A

meningeal

periosteal

29
Q

roles f the inward septa of the dura

A

secure the brain to the skull
dampen movement of the brain in the cranial cavity
divide the cranial cavity into freely communicating compartments

30
Q

where is the lateral ventricles located

A

cerebral hemispheres

31
Q

where is the 3rd ventricle located

A

diencephalon

32
Q

where is the 4th ventricle located

A

brain stem

33
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

by the choroid plexus in lateral and third ventricles

34
Q

gyri

A

bump

35
Q

sulcus

A

dip

36
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the brain

A

median longitudinal fissure

37
Q

vision is in what part of the brain

A

primary visual and visual association is in the occipital lobe of the brain

38
Q

sensory in in what part of the brain

A

primary somatosensory and somatosensory is in the parietal lobe

39
Q

auditory is in what lobe of the brain

A

primary auditory and auditory association areas are in the temporal lobe

40
Q

motor is in what part of the brain

A

primary motor and premotor areas are in the frontal lobe

41
Q

functions of the thalamus

A

major relay station for;

  • sensory impulses ascending to sensory cortex
  • inputs from subcortical motor nuclei and cerebellum travelling to the cerebral motor cortex
  • encloses the third ventricle
42
Q

functions of the hypothalamus

A 
autonomic control 
endocrine control with pituitary gland 
regulation thirst (fluid electrolyte balance)
eating (energy balance)
sexual behaviour and reproduction 
body temp
43
Q

function of the midbrain

A

superior and inferior colliculi (visual and auditory reflex centres)
red nucleus
substantia nigra (reward seeking)
surrounds cerebral aqueduct

44
Q

function of the pons

A 
conduction area (forebrain and cerebellum 
nuclei contribute to regulation of respiration as well as hearing and balance
45
Q

functions of the medulla

A

pyramidal decussation before entering spinal cord
vital centres regulating: resp. rhythm, heart rate, blood pressure
non-vital centres regulating: cough, sneeze, swallowing and vomitting

Y1S1 (71 decks)

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