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Head - 4 > Posterior triangle > Flashcards

Posterior triangle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the posterior triangle of the neck also known as?

A

lateral cervical region

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2
Q

anterior border of posterior triangle?

A

posterior border of SCM

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3
Q

posterior border of PT?

A

anterior border of trapezius

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4
Q

inferior border of PT?

A

middle 1/3 of clavicle

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5
Q

what is the posterior triangle covered by?

A

investing layer of fascia (most superficial)

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6
Q

what is the floor of the PT formed by?

A

prevertebral fascia (deepest)

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7
Q

what is a significant muscle in the posterior triangle region?

A

omohyoid muscle

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8
Q

what is the omohyoid muscle split into? by what?

A

split into 2 bellies by a tendon

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9
Q

where does the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle travel after it crosses the PT?

A

in an supero-medial direction, splitting the posterior triangle into 2
muscle then crosses under SCM to enter anterior triangle

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10
Q

which muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

splenius capitis
levator scapulae
anterior, middle and posterior scalene

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11
Q

what are the muscles forming the floor of the PT covered by?

A

prevertebral fascia (deepest)

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12
Q

which is the major vein of the neck region?

A

external jugular vein

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13
Q

what is the external jugular vein formed by?

A

retromandibular and posterior auricular veins

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14
Q

where does the EJV lie?

A

superficially

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15
Q

where does the EJV enter the PT?

A

after crossing the SCM

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16
Q

what happens within the PT in terms of the EJV?

A

EJV pierces the investing layer of fascia (superficial deep)

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17
Q

where does EJV empty into after piercing investing layer of fascia?

A

subclavian vein

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18
Q

what is the subclavian vein normally used as?

A

a point of access to venous system via central catheter

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19
Q

which veins aside from EJV also lie in PT?

A

transverse cervical

suprascapular veins

20
Q

what are subclavian, transverse cervical and suprascapular veins accompanied by in the PT?

A

their respective arteries

21
Q

which part of the subclavian artery can be located? how?

A

distal part of subclavian artery

it emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

22
Q

where does the subclavian artery end?

A

crosses the 1st rib

becomes axillary artery - supplies upper limb

23
Q

clinical: why is the EJV vulnerable to damage?

A

has relatively superficial course down the neck

24
Q

clinical: what happens if the EJV is severed? in what injury?

A

injury e.g. knife slash

lumen held open

25
Q

clinical: why is lumen of EJV held open in severance?

A

due to thick layer of investing fascia, air will be drawn into vein

26
Q

clinical: what does lumen of EJV being held open in severance produce?

A

cyanosis

can stop blood flow through the right atrium

27
Q

clinical: how do you manage severance of the EJV?

A

medical emergency

application of pressure to the wound, stopping bleeding and entry of air

28
Q

which nerve runs through the PT?

A

accessory nerve (CN XI)

29
Q

how does the accessory nerve (CN XI) enter the PT?

A

exits the cranial cavity, descends down the neck, innervates SCM and enters the posterior triangle in an oblique, inferoposterior direction

30
Q

where does the accessory nerve (CN XI) travel as it enters the PT?

A

within the investing layer of fascia

relatively superficial in PT - vulnerable to injury

31
Q

what forms within the muscles of the floor of the PT?

A

cervical plexus

32
Q

what is a major branch of the cervical plexus?

A

phrenic nerve

33
Q

where does phrenic nerve arise?

A

anterior division of spinal nerves (C3-C5)

34
Q

where does phrenic nerve travel?

A

descends down the neck, within the prevertebral fascia (deepest)

35
Q

what does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

diaphragm

36
Q

what do other branches of the cervical plexus innervate?

A

the vertebral muscles

provide cutaneous innervation to parts of the neck and scalp

37
Q

what else crosses the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

trunks of the brachial plexus

38
Q

clinical: for anaesthesia of the neck area, which nerve block is used?

A

cervical plexus block

39
Q

clinical: where is the anaesthetic injected in a cervical plexus block?

A

injected along the posterior border of SCM at junction of its superior and middle 1/3s

40
Q

what is significant about the superior and middle 1/3 of the SCM?

A

junction where the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge - nerve point of the neck

41
Q

in which patients is a cervical nerve block not carried out? why?

A

patients with pulmonary or cardiac problems

runs a high risk of damaging phrenic nerve

42
Q

which structure subdivides the PT?

A

omohyoid muscle

splits PT into 2 regions

43
Q

what are the 2 regions of the PT divided by omohyoid muscle?

A

occipital and subclavian triangle

44
Q

which part is the occipital triangle?

A

larger, superior part

45
Q

which is the subclavian triangle?

A

inferior triangle of PT

46
Q

what does the subclavian triangle contain?

A

distal portion of subclavian artery

Head - 4 (111 decks)

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