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Head - 4 > 10 self-study: hyoid muscles + thyroid > Flashcards

10 self-study: hyoid muscles + thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of anterior triangle?

A

anterior: midline
posterior: anterior SCM
superior: inferior mandible
apex: jugular notch of manubrium
roof: subcutaneous tissue of platysma (muscle in superficial cervical fascia)
floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid

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2
Q

borders of carotid triangle?

A

superior: posterior belly of digastric
medial: superior belly of omohyoid
lateral: anterior border SCM

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3
Q

how can carotid pulse be felt?

A

by pressing lightly against the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6

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4
Q

where is carotid sinus? innervation? function?

A 
dilation of proximal ICA
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
detect changes in arterial BP by baroreceptors 
(carotid sinus + aortic arch = baroreceptors)
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5
Q

where is the carotid body? innervation? function?

A

small, oval red mass of TISSUE, sits just ABOVE CCA bifurcation (superior to carotid sinus)
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
monitors pO2 via peripheral chemoreceptors (O2 levels in blood)
(carotid body + aortic arch = chemoreceptors)

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6
Q

contents of carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery (medial)
IJV (lateral)
vagus nerve (posterior)

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7
Q

function of the hyoid bone?

A

provides attachment for suprahyoid muscles superior and infrahyoid muscle inferiorly

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8
Q

function of hyoid muscles?

A

move + stabillise hyoid bone (therefore larynx) during chewing, swallowing and speaking

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9
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric

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10
Q

where are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

hyoid to cranium

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11
Q

function of suprahyoid muscles?

A

support hyoid - allowing tongue to function

elevate hyoid and larynx in relation to swallowing and (muscle) tone production (helps oesophageal sphincter to open)

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12
Q

where do suprahyoid muscles arise?

A

mandible from floor of mouth

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13
Q

what are infrahyoid muscles also known as?

A

strap muscles

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14
Q

function of infrahyoid muscles?

A

depress + stabilise hyoid bone during swallowing + speaking

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15
Q

infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

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16
Q

innervation of infrahyoid muscles?

A

C1-3: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid (cervical plexus)

thyrohyoid: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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17
Q

why does a goitre not extend upwards?

A

STERNOthyroid covers the lateral lobe of thyroid cartilage

and attaches to an oblique line

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18
Q

what happens to the infrahyoid muscles during thyroidectomy?

A

infrahyoid muscles retracted to side as they lie immediately anterior to thyroid gland

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19
Q

what is the anterior cervical region?

A

contains carotid system of arteries, has branches of CCA + terminal branches

20
Q

where does the CCA bifurcate?

A

superior border of thyroid cartilage (C4)

21
Q

where does the ICA enter cranium?

A

through carotid canal as it has no branches in the neck

22
Q

what does the ECA supply?

A

most structures of external cranium (with supraorbital arteries)

23
Q

where does the ECA run?

A

embedded within parotid gland to give off terminal branches: maxillary + superficial temporal

24
Q

non-terminal branches of ECA?

A 
(inferior to superior):
posterior auricular artery
superior thyroid artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
lingual artery
facial artery
occipital artery
25
Q

venous drainage of H+N?

A

mainly IJV

26
Q

what is the main nerve of the anterior cervical region?

A 
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
motor innervation of tongue
27
Q

course of travel of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

enters submandibular triangle deep to posterior belly of digastric to supply intrinsic + extrinsic (4/5) muscles of tongue
palatoglossus by vagus

28
Q

where is the thyroid gland?

A

deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid (infrahyoid) muscles

in anterior neck at C5-T1

29
Q

how is the thyroid gland in relation to other structures?

A

wraps around the cricoid cartilage
sits inferior to larynx
each lobe extends up to oblique line (inferior) of thyroid cartilage (just below C5 + C6)

30
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage?

A

inferior to thyroid cartilage at C6

31
Q

what is the thyroid gland bounded by?

A

pretracheal fascia

32
Q

what is contained within the pretracheal fascia?

A

trachea
oesophagus
pharynx
thyroid

33
Q

why does the thyroid move up during swallowing?

A

pre-tracheal fascia attaches thyroid to trachea + larynx
larynx elevates during swallowing (suprahyoid muscles)
pulling pre-trachea fascia with it and therefore thyroid
(suprahyoid –> hyoid –> larynx –> pre-tracheal fascia –> thyroid)

posterior thyroid attached to cricoid cartilage by thickening of pretracheal fascia (ligament of berry / suspensory ligament)

34
Q

what does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

2 lobes anterolaterally to larynx + trachea

central isthmus over trachea (bifurcates during descent from foramen cecum)

35
Q

where do thyroid swellings grow? why? what can it lead to?

A

posteriorly
(pre-tracheal) fascia forms outer false capsule of thyroid
the posterior aspect is thin and not well defined
can compress oesophagus causing dysphagia

36
Q

blood supply of thyroid

A

thyroid = highly vascularised, secretes hormones directly into blood
superior + inferior thyroid arteries (Extensive ANASTOMOSES)

37
Q

where is superior thyroid artery from? supply?

A

1st branch of ECA, descends to superior pole of gland and divides into anterior + posterior branches

38
Q

where are the inferior thyroid arteries from? supply?

A 
thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)
supplies inferior + posterior poles of gland
39
Q

innervation of thyroid gland?

A

branches form sympathetic trunk

do NOT control endocrine secretion

40
Q

what regulates the hormone release of thyroid gland?

A

pituitary gland

41
Q

which structure runs close to the superior thyroid artery?

A

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve runs posterior to superior thyroid artery

42
Q

where do the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

A

left: under arch of aorta
right: around right subclavian artery

43
Q

course of travel of recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

from respective vagus nerves, descend into chest, ascending back up into neck (pass between trachea and oesophagus, underneath thyroid) to innervate larynx
(can be compressed in goitre? thyroid pathologies - hoarseness of voice, also larynx pathologies)

44
Q

venous drainage of trachea?

A 
from superior thyroid (drains to IJV)
middle thyroid (drains to IJV)
inferior thyroid vein (drain into brachiocephalic vein)
45
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

lie external to the thyroid capsule (pre-tracheal fascia) on posterior of thyroid gland
(normally 4 separate glands)

Head - 4 (111 decks)

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