1. general organisation of H&N - anatomy of the scalp

Question 1

what are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

SCALP:
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar CT
Pericranium (membrane)

Question 2

what is the blood supply to the scalp?

Answer 2

5 pairs of arteries:
3 from external carotid
2 from internal carotid

Question 3

what is the innervation to the scalp?

Answer 3

Z-GLASS
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Greater occipital nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve

Question 4

what is the importance of skin in scalp?

Answer 4

head hair grows

has sebaeceous glands + hair follicles

Question 5

what is the importance of Connective tissue in scalp?

Answer 5

dense subcutaneous layer of fat + fibrous tissue beneath skin
contains nerves + vessels of scalp

Question 6

what is the importance of Aponeurosis in scalp?

Answer 6

epicranial aponeurosis
dense fibrous tissue from frontalis muscle
anterior to occipitalis posteriorly

Question 7

what is the importance of Loose areolar CT?

Answer 7

easy plane of separation between upper 3 layers and pericranium

Question 8

what is the danger zone of the scalp? why?

Answer 8

the loose areolar CT

because infectious agents can spread through it to emissary veins (which drain into the cranium)

Question 9

what is the importance of pericranium in scalp?

Answer 9

periosteum (membrane covering outer surface of bones) of skull bones

Question 10

what are the 3 branches of the external carotid artery supplying the skull?

Answer 10

superficial temporal artery
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery

Question 11

what are the 2 branches of the internal carotid artery supplying the skull?

Answer 11

supratrochlear artery

supraorbital artery

Question 12

what does the superficial temporal artery (ECA) give off? supply what?

Answer 12

frontal and parietal branches

supply scalp

Question 13

where does the occipital artery (ECA) run? supply what?

Answer 13

posteriorly to supply posterior scalp

Question 14

what does the posterior auricular artery (ECA) run? supply what?

Answer 14

ascends behind auricle

supply scalp above and behind auricle

Question 15

where does supratrochlear artery (ICA) run/supply? branch of what?

Answer 15

to midline forehead

branch of ophthalmic branch of ICA

Question 16

where does supraorbital artery run/supply? branch of what?

Answer 16

to lateral forehead + scalp as far as vertex (top of head)

branch of ophthalmic branch if ICA

Question 17

where does zygomaticotemporal nerve branch from? supplying what?

Answer 17

from maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

supplying hairless temple

Question 18

where does greater occipital nerve supply? nerve root?

Answer 18

C2

posterior up to the vertex

Question 19

where does lesser occipital nerve supply? nerve root?

Answer 19

behind the ear

C2

Question 20

where does auriculotemporal nerve branch from?

Answer 20

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 21

where does supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve branch from?

Answer 21

opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve