other structures in eyeball + vasculature + clinical

Question 1

what are the structures not located within the eyeball in the eye?

Answer 1

These are the lens and the chambers of the eye

Question 2

where are the lens of the eye located?

Answer 2

located anteriorly, between the vitreous humor and the pupil

Question 3

what is the shape of the lens altered by?

Answer 3

by the ciliary body, changing its refractive power

within vascular layer

Question 4

what is cataract?

Answer 4

In old age, the lens can become opaque

Question 5

what are the 2 fluid filled areas in the eye known as?

Answer 5

anterior and posterior chambers

Question 6

where is the anterior chamber located?

Answer 6

between the cornea and the iris

Question 7

where is the posterior chamber located?

Answer 7

between the iris and ciliary processes

Question 8

what are the anterior and posterior chambers filled with?

Answer 8

The chambers are filled with aqueous humor

Question 9

what is aqueous humor?

Answer 9

a clear plasma-like fluid that nourishes and protects the eye

Question 10

when is aqueous humor produced?

Answer 10

produced constantly

Question 11

where does aqueous humor drain?

Answer 11

drains via the trabecular meshwork, an area of tissue at the base of the cornea, near the anterior chamber

Question 12

what happens if the drainage of aqueous humor is obstructed?

Answer 12

a condition known as glaucoma can result

Question 13

what does glaucoma refer to?

Answer 13

a group of eye disease that result in damage to the optic nerve

Question 14

what are the two main clinical classifications of glaucoma?

Answer 14

open angle

closed angle

Question 15

what is open angle glaucoma?

Answer 15

the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork is reduced

Question 16

what does open angle glaucoma cause?

Answer 16

gradual reduction of the peripheral vision, until end stages of the disease

Question 17

what is closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 17

the iris is forced against the trabecular meshwork, preventing ANY drainage of aqueous humor

Question 18

what is closed angle glaucoma a type of? lead to?

Answer 18

opthalmic emergency, can rapidly lead to blindness

Question 19

where does the eyeball receives arterial blood primarily via?

Answer 19

ophthalmic artery

Question 20

what is ophthalmic artery a branch of?

Answer 20

the internal carotid artery

Question 21

where does ophthalmic artery arise?

Answer 21

immediately distal to the cavernous sinus

Question 22

what does the ophthalmic artery give rise to?

Answer 22

many branches, which supply different components of the eye

Question 23

which is the most important branch of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 23

The central artery of the retina

Question 24

what does the central artery of the retina supply?

Answer 24

the internal surface of the retina

Question 25

what can occlusion of the internal surface of the retina lead to?

Answer 25

quickly result in blindness

Question 26

what carries out the venous drainage of the eyeball?

Answer 26

the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

Question 27

where do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into?

Answer 27

the cavernous sinus, a dural venous sinus in close proximity to the eye

Question 28

what does papilloedema refer to?

Answer 28

a swelling of the optic disc

Question 29

when is papiloedema visible?

Answer 29

during ophthalmoscopy

Question 30

what is the optic disc?

Answer 30

the area of the retina where the optic nerve enters.

Question 31

what is opthalmoscopy?

Answer 31

a visual inspection of the eye using an ophthmoscope

Question 32

what does papilloedema arise due to?

Answer 32

The swelling occurs secondary to raised intra-cranial pressure

Question 33

why does papilloedema arise secondary to raised ICP?

Answer 33

The high pressure within the cranium resists venous return from the eye. This causes fluid to collect in the retina, producing a swollen optic disc.