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Head - 4 > parasympathetic ganglions > Flashcards

parasympathetic ganglions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central nucleus of the ciliary ganglion?

A

Edinger-Westphal (midbrain)

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2
Q

CN of ciliary ganglion?

A

CN III

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3
Q

what does CN III travel through to reach ciliary ganglion?

A

from E-W nucleus (midbrain) –> cavernous sinus –> superior orbital fissure –> orbit

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4
Q

where does the ciliary ganglion synapse?

A

between optic nerve and lateral rectus in apex of orbit

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5
Q

nerve carrying post ganglionic fibres of ciliary ganglion?

A

Va: nasociliary branch of ophthalmic (trigeminal)

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6
Q

what does the ciliary ganglion supply?

A 
ciliary muscles
sphincter pupillae (constrict pupil, iris muscle, less light onto retina)
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7
Q

function of ciliary muscles?

A

lens accommodation

contract ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments relaxes (attaches to lens), so lens thickens to focus on close objects

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8
Q

function of sphincter pupillae?

A

constrict pupil, muscle of the iris

so less light hit the back of the retina (neural layer with the rod and cone cells)

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9
Q

sympathetic of ciliary ganglion?

A

via ophthalmic artery (branch if ICA - structures WITHIN H+N)

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10
Q

CN of pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

CN VII (facial) from superior salivary nucleus of PONS

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11
Q

course of travel of CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion? (pre-synaptic)

A

from lower pons –> facial nerve –> nervus intermedius (without muscles of facial expression) –> IAM –> facial canal (middle ear) –> geniculate ganglion (within facial canal) –> greater petrosal foramen –> lacerate foramen –> (join with deep petrosal nerve (ICA, sympathetic) –> becomes pterygoid nerve –> runs through pterygoid canal –> pterygoid ganglion (within pterygoid fossa)
pre- + post- synapse

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12
Q

course of travel of greater petrosal nerve post- pterygoid ganglion?

A 
MAINLY V2 (maxillary)
hitch hike onto branches of V2 (maxillary, trigeminal) then V1 (ophthalmic: infra-orbital --> lacrimal) --> inferior orbital fissure (IOF)
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13
Q

branches of V1?

A

ophthalmic (SOF):
frontal
nasociliary
lacrimal

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14
Q

branches of V2?

A

maxillary (foramen rotundum)
zygomatic
Infra-orbital
Superior alveolar

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15
Q

branches of V3?

A 
mandibular (foramen ovale):
buccal
auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar
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16
Q

what does the greater petrosal nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion supply)?

A

lacrimal gland

mucosal glands of nasal + oral cavity (nose, nasopharynx, sinuses, soft palate)

17
Q

sympathetic nerve of pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

deep petrosal nerve (from pterygoid canal via lacerate foramen, joined to greater petrosal nerve)

18
Q

travel of sympathetic nerve (deep petrosal nerve) through pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

ICA
before ICA enters cavernous sinus, it exits the petrous part of temporal bone and joins greater petrosal nerve in the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve)

19
Q

function of symapthetic of pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

vasoconstrict

20
Q

nerve of submanidbular ganglion?

A 
CN VII (facial)
from pons (superior salivary)
21
Q

path of CN VII to submandibular ganglion (pre-synaptic)?

A

lower pons –> CN VII –> nervus intermedius –> IAM (enters skull) –> facial canal (petrous temporal, middle ear) –> give rise to nerve to stapedius (within canal) –> chorda tympani travels through PETROTYMPANIC fissure –> infratemporal fossa –> exits skull via STYLOMASTOID foramen –> submandibular ganglion

22
Q

what is the nervus intermedius?

A

from facial nerve proper
but withOUT muscles of facial expression supply
general visceral Efferent(GVE): CN VII ganglions
specific visceral afferent (SVA): taste
general visceral afferent (GVA): skin posterior auricle (posterior auricular nerve)

23
Q

what is facial canal is close anatomical relation to?

A

mastoid air cells

24
Q

what happens to chorda tympani during it’s travel within the infratemporal fossa?

A

it joins with lingual nerve (V3) to reach the stylomastoid foramen (synapse)

25
Q

organs supplied by submandibular ganglion?

A

submandibular, sublingual glands

anterior lingual + mucosal glands on side of tongue

26
Q

artery carrying sympathetic nerve of submandibular ganglion?

A

facial artery (ECA)

27
Q

function of sympathetic of submandibular ganglion?

A

vasoconstriction

28
Q

nerve of otic ganglion?

A 
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
from inferior salivary nucleus (MEDULLA)
29
Q

nerve carrying pre-ganglionic otic ganglion?

A

CN IX –> tympatnic branch –> lesser petrosal nerve (greater petrosal was CN VII)

30
Q

course of travel of pre-ganglionic otic ganglion?

A

CN IX –> enters skull via jugular foramen (CN 9,10,11) –> tympanic branch of CN IX –> petrous temporal bone (middle ear) –> through middle cranial fossa as LESSER petrosal nerve –> otic ganglion

31
Q

nerve carrying postganglion fibres of otic ganglion?

A

auriculotemporal (V3, mandibular, trigeminal)

32
Q

organs supplied by otic ganglion?

A

parotid gland
(branches of facial nerve - muscles of facial expression through parotid gland, has its own parotid sheath, but SUPPLY is CN IX)

33
Q

sympathetic artery of otic ganglion?

A

middle meningeal artery

from external carotid nerve plexus

34
Q

where does middle meningeal artery branch from?

A

ECA –> maxillary artery –> middle meningeal artery

35
Q

what is significant about anterior branch of middle meningeal artery?

A

travels through pterion
weakest part of skull where sphenoid, frontal, parietal and temporal bones come together (H-shape), easily fracture damaging MMA –> extradural haematoma –> raised ICP –> compress brain (respiratory + cardiac centres) –> death within a few hours

36
Q

sympathetic function of otic ganglion?

A

vasoconstriction

37
Q

summary of CN involved in parasympathetic ganglions?

A

ciliary: CN III (oculomotor, ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae)
pterygopalatine: CN VII (lacrimal gland, mucosa nasal + oral)
submandibular: CN VII (submandibular + sublingual glands)
otic: CN IX (parotid gland)

38
Q

difference between submandibular and sublingual?

A

submandibular GLANDS

sublingual LYMPH NODES

39
Q

summary of post-ganglionic nerves?

A

ciliary: V1 (nasociliary of ophthalmic)
pterygopalatine: V2 (infra-orbital + zygomatic, then V1 lacrimal)
submandibular: V3 (lingual)
otic: V3 (auriculotemporal)

Head - 4 (111 decks)

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