parasympathetic ganglions Flashcards
what is the central nucleus of the ciliary ganglion?
Edinger-Westphal (midbrain)
CN of ciliary ganglion?
CN III
what does CN III travel through to reach ciliary ganglion?
from E-W nucleus (midbrain) –> cavernous sinus –> superior orbital fissure –> orbit
where does the ciliary ganglion synapse?
between optic nerve and lateral rectus in apex of orbit
nerve carrying post ganglionic fibres of ciliary ganglion?
Va: nasociliary branch of ophthalmic (trigeminal)
what does the ciliary ganglion supply?
ciliary muscles sphincter pupillae (constrict pupil, iris muscle, less light onto retina)
function of ciliary muscles?
lens accommodation
contract ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments relaxes (attaches to lens), so lens thickens to focus on close objects
function of sphincter pupillae?
constrict pupil, muscle of the iris
so less light hit the back of the retina (neural layer with the rod and cone cells)
sympathetic of ciliary ganglion?
via ophthalmic artery (branch if ICA - structures WITHIN H+N)
CN of pterygopalatine ganglion?
CN VII (facial) from superior salivary nucleus of PONS
course of travel of CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion? (pre-synaptic)
from lower pons –> facial nerve –> nervus intermedius (without muscles of facial expression) –> IAM –> facial canal (middle ear) –> geniculate ganglion (within facial canal) –> greater petrosal foramen –> lacerate foramen –> (join with deep petrosal nerve (ICA, sympathetic) –> becomes pterygoid nerve –> runs through pterygoid canal –> pterygoid ganglion (within pterygoid fossa)
pre- + post- synapse
course of travel of greater petrosal nerve post- pterygoid ganglion?
MAINLY V2 (maxillary) hitch hike onto branches of V2 (maxillary, trigeminal) then V1 (ophthalmic: infra-orbital --> lacrimal) --> inferior orbital fissure (IOF)
branches of V1?
ophthalmic (SOF):
frontal
nasociliary
lacrimal
branches of V2?
maxillary (foramen rotundum)
zygomatic
Infra-orbital
Superior alveolar
branches of V3?
mandibular (foramen ovale): buccal auriculotemporal lingual inferior alveolar
what does the greater petrosal nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion supply)?
lacrimal gland
mucosal glands of nasal + oral cavity (nose, nasopharynx, sinuses, soft palate)
sympathetic nerve of pterygopalatine ganglion?
deep petrosal nerve (from pterygoid canal via lacerate foramen, joined to greater petrosal nerve)
travel of sympathetic nerve (deep petrosal nerve) through pterygopalatine ganglion?
ICA
before ICA enters cavernous sinus, it exits the petrous part of temporal bone and joins greater petrosal nerve in the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve)
function of symapthetic of pterygopalatine ganglion?
vasoconstrict
nerve of submanidbular ganglion?
CN VII (facial) from pons (superior salivary)
path of CN VII to submandibular ganglion (pre-synaptic)?
lower pons –> CN VII –> nervus intermedius –> IAM (enters skull) –> facial canal (petrous temporal, middle ear) –> give rise to nerve to stapedius (within canal) –> chorda tympani travels through PETROTYMPANIC fissure –> infratemporal fossa –> exits skull via STYLOMASTOID foramen –> submandibular ganglion
what is the nervus intermedius?
from facial nerve proper
but withOUT muscles of facial expression supply
general visceral Efferent(GVE): CN VII ganglions
specific visceral afferent (SVA): taste
general visceral afferent (GVA): skin posterior auricle (posterior auricular nerve)
what is facial canal is close anatomical relation to?
mastoid air cells
what happens to chorda tympani during it’s travel within the infratemporal fossa?
it joins with lingual nerve (V3) to reach the stylomastoid foramen (synapse)
organs supplied by submandibular ganglion?
submandibular, sublingual glands
anterior lingual + mucosal glands on side of tongue
artery carrying sympathetic nerve of submandibular ganglion?
facial artery (ECA)
function of sympathetic of submandibular ganglion?
vasoconstriction
nerve of otic ganglion?
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) from inferior salivary nucleus (MEDULLA)
nerve carrying pre-ganglionic otic ganglion?
CN IX –> tympatnic branch –> lesser petrosal nerve (greater petrosal was CN VII)
course of travel of pre-ganglionic otic ganglion?
CN IX –> enters skull via jugular foramen (CN 9,10,11) –> tympanic branch of CN IX –> petrous temporal bone (middle ear) –> through middle cranial fossa as LESSER petrosal nerve –> otic ganglion
nerve carrying postganglion fibres of otic ganglion?
auriculotemporal (V3, mandibular, trigeminal)
organs supplied by otic ganglion?
parotid gland
(branches of facial nerve - muscles of facial expression through parotid gland, has its own parotid sheath, but SUPPLY is CN IX)
sympathetic artery of otic ganglion?
middle meningeal artery
from external carotid nerve plexus
where does middle meningeal artery branch from?
ECA –> maxillary artery –> middle meningeal artery
what is significant about anterior branch of middle meningeal artery?
travels through pterion
weakest part of skull where sphenoid, frontal, parietal and temporal bones come together (H-shape), easily fracture damaging MMA –> extradural haematoma –> raised ICP –> compress brain (respiratory + cardiac centres) –> death within a few hours
sympathetic function of otic ganglion?
vasoconstriction
summary of CN involved in parasympathetic ganglions?
ciliary: CN III (oculomotor, ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae)
pterygopalatine: CN VII (lacrimal gland, mucosa nasal + oral)
submandibular: CN VII (submandibular + sublingual glands)
otic: CN IX (parotid gland)
difference between submandibular and sublingual?
submandibular GLANDS
sublingual LYMPH NODES
summary of post-ganglionic nerves?
ciliary: V1 (nasociliary of ophthalmic)
pterygopalatine: V2 (infra-orbital + zygomatic, then V1 lacrimal)
submandibular: V3 (lingual)
otic: V3 (auriculotemporal)
