6. eye: muscle and artery (lecture)

Question 1

which muscle is superior to superior rectus?

Answer 1

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 2

which structures are (immediately) inferior to superior rectus?

Answer 2

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
(both running through optic canal)

Question 3

which structures are medial to lateral rectus and superior to inferior rectus?

Answer 3

superior and inferior division of oculomotor nerve (III)
nasociliary nerve
abducens nerve
(within superior orbital fissure)

Question 4

which is a major artery supplying the eye?

Answer 4

ophthalmic artery

Question 5

where is ophthalmic artery from?

Answer 5

internal carotid artery

Question 6

what does ophthalmic artery give rise to?

Answer 6

central retinal artery

Question 7

what are the terminal branches of ophthalmic artery?

Answer 7

end arteries

Question 8

how does central retinal artery occlusion appear?

Answer 8

cherry red spot on pale background

Question 9

why is central retinal artery occlusion dangerous?

Answer 9

no other blood supply to retina

Question 10

what is the main venous drainage to the eye?

Answer 10

central retinal vein

Question 11

where does central retinal vein drain to?

Answer 11

superior ophthalmic vein

Question 12

what does superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

Answer 12

cavernous sinus

Question 13

describe the venous drainage of the eye

Answer 13

central retinal vein –> superior ophthalmic vein –> cavernous sinus

Question 14

what can happen to the central retinal vein?

Answer 14

central retinal vein occlusion
can settle by itself
can be due to dehydration

Question 15

what is the conjunctiva?

Answer 15

thin clear film on top of all structures around eye

Question 16

where is the conjunctiva?

Answer 16

sits on top of cornea

clear film front of eye

Question 17

what is the area between cornea and sclera called?

Answer 17

limbus

both cornea and sclera are fibrous outer layer - continuous

Question 18

what can happen to the conjunctiva?

Answer 18

inflamed
conjunctivitis
sclera still white, but just conjunctiva over it appears red

Question 19

function of the eyelid?

Answer 19

protect against:
injury
excessive light
dryness

Question 20

which structures do the eyelids contain?

Answer 20

Levator palpebrae superioris (+ superior tarsal muscle)
tarsal gland
ciliary glands
(eyelash)

Question 21

what happens when the tarsal gland is inflamed?

Answer 21

meibomian cyst

Question 22

what is the relationship between the tarsal gland and ciliary glands?

Answer 22

tarsal gland more superior within the eyelid

ciliary glands more inferior and closer to eyelash

Question 23

what happens when the ciliary gland is inflamed?

Answer 23

sty

treat with warm salty compress

Question 24

what are the differences between partial and complete ptosis?

Answer 24

complete: CN III lesion (levator palpebrae superioris)
partial: sympathetic lesion (superior tarsal muscle)