8. nose, nasal cavity (lecture) 2

Question 1

what is the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 1

olfactory mucous membrane

olfaction = smell

Question 2

what is respiratory mucous membrane?

Answer 2

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 3

function of respiratory mucous membrane?

Answer 3

1. filters (mucous / cilia)
2. humidifies (watery secretions)
3. warms (rich blood supply)

Question 4

where does nasal cavity receives drainage from?

Answer 4

paranasal sinuses (into middle meatus first)
nasolacrimal duct (drains eye into inferior meatus first)

Question 5

what are conchae also known as?

Answer 5

turbinates

Question 6

which cranial nerve carries general sensation from the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

trigeminal (V1, V2)

Question 7

which cranial nerve carries specific sensation to the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

olfactory

purely sensory: smell

Question 8

what are nasal polyps?

Answer 8

flesh, BENIGN swellings arising from nasal MUCOSA

Question 9

what do nasal polyps usually affect?

Answer 9

both sides of nasal cavity

Question 10

how do nasal polys appear?

Answer 10

pale or yellow in appearance
OR
fleshy and reddened

Question 11

which age group do nasal polyps normally affect?

Answer 11

typically > 40 years

Question 12

what are symptoms of nasal polyps?

Answer 12

1. blocked nose and watery rhinorrhoea (CSF)
2. post nasal drip
3. decreased smell and reduced taste

Question 13

how does nasal poly suggest tumour?

Answer 13

unilateral polyp +/- blood-tinged secretion may suggest tumour

Question 14

how can nasal polyp result in post nasal drip?

Answer 14

increased nasal secretions drips down the back, gets a tickling feeling at the back of throat (drains to posterior nasal cavity rather than front of nose) - causes cough

Question 15

what is rhinitis?

Answer 15

inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining

Question 16

what are symptoms of rhinitis?

Answer 16

1. nasal congestion
2. rhinorrhoea (runny nose)
3. sneezing
4. nasal irritation
5. postnasal drip

Question 17

what are common causes of rhinitis?

Answer 17

1. simple acute infective rhinitis (viral - common cold)

2. allergic rhinitis

Question 18

what can foreign body in the nostril cause?

Answer 18

smelly and blood stained discharge

Question 19

how does discharge of rhinitis normally present?

Answer 19

both nostrils, NOT usually blood stained

Question 20

what is key to allow for warming and humidification of inspired air in nasal cavity?

Answer 20

rich blood supply

Question 21

what does rich blood supply to nasal cavity result in?

Answer 21

nasal mucosa is susceptible to injury and bleeding

Question 22

where does arterial supply of medial and lateral walls of nasal cavities arise from?

Answer 22

branches of OPHTHALMIC artery and branches of maxillary artery

Question 23

what do branches of ophthalmic artery and branches of maxillary artery form?

Answer 23

a point of arterial anastomoses in anterior septum (Kiesselbach’s / little’s area)

Question 24

where is the most common source of bleeding in epistaxis?

Answer 24

in Kiesselbach’s / Little’s area

anastomoses in anterior septum of ophthalmic and maxillary artery

Question 25

where does venous drainage from the nasal cavity drain into?

Answer 25

cavernous sinus,
facial vein,
pterygoid plexus

Question 26

what are the 5 arteries which supply the nose?

Answer 26

1. anterior ethmoid
2. posterior ethmoid
3. sphenopalatine
4. greater palatine
5. superior labial

Question 27

what are branches of the ophthalmic artery which supply the nose?

Answer 27

anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries

Question 28

what is sphenopalatine artery a branch of?

Answer 28

maxillary artery which supplies the nose

Question 29

where do 5-10% of nose bleeds come from?

Answer 29

sphenopalatine artery (posterior part of nose) - much more difficult to stop bleeding - too far into nasal cavity + in bony nasal cavity

Question 30

where do 90% of nose-bleeds come from?

Answer 30

Kisselbach’s area

Question 31

what are you pinching in nose-bleeds?

Answer 31

Kisselbach’s plexus - just in front of bony nasal (bridge)

Question 32

where does the nasal arteries anastomose?

Answer 32

Kisselbach’s plexus