8. nose, nasal cavity (lecture) 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nasal cavity lined with?

A

olfactory mucous membrane

olfaction = smell

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2
Q

what is respiratory mucous membrane?

A

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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3
Q

function of respiratory mucous membrane?

A
  1. filters (mucous / cilia)
  2. humidifies (watery secretions)
  3. warms (rich blood supply)
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4
Q

where does nasal cavity receives drainage from?

A
paranasal sinuses (into middle meatus first)
nasolacrimal duct (drains eye into inferior meatus first)
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5
Q

what are conchae also known as?

A

turbinates

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6
Q

which cranial nerve carries general sensation from the nasal cavity?

A

trigeminal (V1, V2)

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7
Q

which cranial nerve carries specific sensation to the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory

purely sensory: smell

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8
Q

what are nasal polyps?

A

flesh, BENIGN swellings arising from nasal MUCOSA

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9
Q

what do nasal polyps usually affect?

A

both sides of nasal cavity

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10
Q

how do nasal polys appear?

A

pale or yellow in appearance
OR
fleshy and reddened

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11
Q

which age group do nasal polyps normally affect?

A

typically > 40 years

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12
Q

what are symptoms of nasal polyps?

A
  1. blocked nose and watery rhinorrhoea (CSF)
  2. post nasal drip
  3. decreased smell and reduced taste
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13
Q

how does nasal poly suggest tumour?

A

unilateral polyp +/- blood-tinged secretion may suggest tumour

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14
Q

how can nasal polyp result in post nasal drip?

A

increased nasal secretions drips down the back, gets a tickling feeling at the back of throat (drains to posterior nasal cavity rather than front of nose) - causes cough

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15
Q

what is rhinitis?

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining

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16
Q

what are symptoms of rhinitis?

A
  1. nasal congestion
  2. rhinorrhoea (runny nose)
  3. sneezing
  4. nasal irritation
  5. postnasal drip
17
Q

what are common causes of rhinitis?

A
  1. simple acute infective rhinitis (viral - common cold)

2. allergic rhinitis

18
Q

what can foreign body in the nostril cause?

A

smelly and blood stained discharge

19
Q

how does discharge of rhinitis normally present?

A

both nostrils, NOT usually blood stained

20
Q

what is key to allow for warming and humidification of inspired air in nasal cavity?

A

rich blood supply

21
Q

what does rich blood supply to nasal cavity result in?

A

nasal mucosa is susceptible to injury and bleeding

22
Q

where does arterial supply of medial and lateral walls of nasal cavities arise from?

A

branches of OPHTHALMIC artery and branches of maxillary artery

23
Q

what do branches of ophthalmic artery and branches of maxillary artery form?

A

a point of arterial anastomoses in anterior septum (Kiesselbach’s / little’s area)

24
Q

where is the most common source of bleeding in epistaxis?

A

in Kiesselbach’s / Little’s area

anastomoses in anterior septum of ophthalmic and maxillary artery

25
Q

where does venous drainage from the nasal cavity drain into?

A

cavernous sinus,
facial vein,
pterygoid plexus

26
Q

what are the 5 arteries which supply the nose?

A
  1. anterior ethmoid
  2. posterior ethmoid
  3. sphenopalatine
  4. greater palatine
  5. superior labial
27
Q

what are branches of the ophthalmic artery which supply the nose?

A

anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries

28
Q

what is sphenopalatine artery a branch of?

A

maxillary artery which supplies the nose

29
Q

where do 5-10% of nose bleeds come from?

A

sphenopalatine artery (posterior part of nose) - much more difficult to stop bleeding - too far into nasal cavity + in bony nasal cavity

30
Q

where do 90% of nose-bleeds come from?

A

Kisselbach’s area

31
Q

what are you pinching in nose-bleeds?

A

Kisselbach’s plexus - just in front of bony nasal (bridge)

32
Q

where does the nasal arteries anastomose?

A

Kisselbach’s plexus