Lymphatic drainage of H&N

Question 1

what does the lymphatic system function as?

Answer 1

to drain tissue fluid, and other cellular debris back into the blood stream
also involved in immune defence

Question 2

what is lymph?

Answer 2

once the collection of substances (tissue fluid + cellular debris) enters the lymphatic vessels

Question 3

what happens to lymph within the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 3

subsequently filtered by lymph nodes and directed into the venous system

Question 4

what is Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 4

the collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the superior larynx

Question 5

how can the lymphatic vessels of the H+N be divided?

Answer 5

into 2 major groups:

superficial and deep vessels

Question 6

what do the superficial vessels drain lymph from?

Answer 6

from the scalp, face and neck

Question 7

where do the superficial vessels drain lymph into?

Answer 7

into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the at the junction of H+N

Question 8

where do deep lymphatic vessels arise from?

Answer 8

deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 9

what do the deep cervical lymph nodes converge to form?

Answer 9

left + right jugular lymphatic trunks

Question 10

where does the left jugular lymphatic trunk join?

Answer 10

joins the thoracic duct at the root of the neck

Question 11

where does the right jugular lymphatic trunk empty into?

Answer 11

the right lymphatic duct at the root of the neck

Question 12

how can the lymph nodes of the H+N be divided into?

Answer 12

2 groups:
superficial ring of lymph nodes
vertical group of deep lymph nodes

Question 13

where do the superficial lymph nodes of the H+N receive lymph from?

Answer 13

the scalp, face and neck

Question 14

how are the superficial lymph nodes of the H+N arranged?

Answer 14

in a ring shape

Question 15

where do the superficial lymph nodes of the H+N extend from? to?

Answer 15

extending from underneath the chin, to the posterior aspect of the head

Question 16

where do the superficial lymph nodes of the H+N ultimately drain?

Answer 16

into the deep lymph nodes

Question 17

what are the superficial lymph nodes?

Answer 17

occipital
mastoid
pre-auricular
parotid
submental
submandibular
facial
superficial cervical

Question 18

how many occipital lymph nodes are there usually?

Answer 18

between 1-3

Question 19

where are the occipital lymph nodes located?

Answer 19

in the back of the head at the lateral border of the trapezius muscle

Question 20

where do occipital lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 20

collect lymph from the occipital area of the scalp

Question 21

how many mastoid lymph nodes are there

Answer 21

usually 2

Question 22

what are the mastoid lymph nodes called?

Answer 22

post-auricular lymph nodes

Question 23

where are the mastoid lymph nodes located?

Answer 23

posterior to the ear and lie on the insertion of the SCM in the mastoid process

Question 24

where does the mastoid lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 24

the posterior neck, upper ear and back of the external auditory meatus (ear canal)

Question 25

how many pre-auricular lymph nodes are there?

Answer 25

usually bewteen 1-3

Question 26

where are the pre-auricular lymph nodes?

Answer 26

anterior to the auricle of the ear

Question 27

where do the pre-auricular lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 27

from the superficial areas of the face and temporal region

Question 28

where are the parotid lymph nodes?

Answer 28

a small group of nodes located superficially to the parotid gland

Question 29

where do the parotid lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 29

from the nose, nasal cavity, external acoustic meatus, tympanic cavity and lateral borders of the orbit

Question 30

where else are parotid lymph nodes found?

Answer 30

deep to the parotid gland that drain the nasal cavities

Question 31

where are the submental lymph nodes?

Answer 31

superficial to the mylohoid muscle

Question 32

where do the submental lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 32

the central lower lip

the floor of the mouth and apex of the tongue

Question 33

how many submandibular lymph nodes are there?

Answer 33

usually bewteen 3-6

Question 34

where are the submandibular lymph nodes located?

Answer 34

below the mandible in the submaxillary triangle

Question 35

where do the submandibular lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 35

cheeks, lateral aspects of nose, upper lip, lateral parts of lower lip, gums and the anterior tongue

Question 36

where else do the submandibular lymph nodes receive lymph from?

Answer 36

submental and facial lymph nodes

Question 37

what do the facial lymph nodes comprise of?

Answer 37

maxillary/infraorbital, buccinator and supramandibular lymph nodes

Question 38

where do the facial lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 38

the mucous membranes of the nose and cheek, eyelids and conjunctiva

Question 39

how can the superficial cervical lymph nodes be divided?

Answer 39

into the superficial anterior cervical nodes and the posterior lateral superficial cervical lymph nodes

Question 40

where do the anterior nodes of superficial cervical lymph nodes lie?

Answer 40

close to the anterior jugular vein

Question 41

where do the anterior nodes of the superficial cervical lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 41

collect lymph from the superficial surfaces of the anterior neck

Question 42

where do the posterior lateral nodes of the superficial cervical lymph nodes lie?

Answer 42

close to the external jugular vein

Question 43

where do the posterior lateral nodes of the superficial cervical lymph nodes collect lymph from?

Answer 43

collect lymph from superficial surfaces of the neck