1. general organisation of H&N - major muscle groups Flashcards

1
Q

what do the main muscles in the head comprise of?

A

muscles of facial expression
muscle of the cheek (buccinators)
occipitofrontalis muscle
muscles of mastication

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2
Q

where do muscles of the face lie?

A

in subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

where do most muscles of face attach to?

A

bone or fascia

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4
Q

how do main muscles of the head produce their effects?

A

by pulling the skin

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5
Q

what do main muscles of the face surround? act?

A

surround the orifices of the mouth, eyes, nose

act as sphincters and dilators that close and open the orifices

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6
Q

what is the function of the buccinators?

A

keep the cheek taut and aid in chewing

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7
Q

what are the muscles of mastication supplied by?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (branch of CN V)

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8
Q

what does the facial nerve (CN VII) supply?

A
superficial muscles of the neck + chin (platysma)
muscles of facial expression
buccinators
muscles of the ear
occipitofrontalis muscle
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9
Q

where does the facial nerve enter after it exits the cranium? what happens after?

A

enters the substance of the parotid gland

divides into its 5 extracranial branches

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10
Q

what happens when there is injury or pathology affecting the facial nerve?

A

cause weakness of the muscles of facial expression on the ipsilateral side

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11
Q

what is the most common non-traumatic cause of facial paralysis?

A

inflammation of the facial nerve near its exit from the cranium at the stylomastoid foramen (Bell’s palsy)

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12
Q

what does inflammation of the facial nerve near Bell’s palsy cause?

A

inflammation causes oedema and compression of the nerve in the intracranial facial canal

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13
Q

what happens as the facial nerve and its branches run through the parotid gland?

A

lie relatively superficial so vulnerable to damage in injuries to the face and in disease or surgery of the parotid gland

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