larynx: laryngeal muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the groups of laryngeal muscles?

A

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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2
Q

which muscles make up the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

suprahyoid muscles

infrahyoid muscles

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3
Q

function of suprahyoid muscles (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)?

A

elevate hyoid and larynx (swallowing + phonation)

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4
Q

function of infrahyoid muscles (extrinsic laryngeal muscles)?

A

depress hyoid and larynx (balance position of hyoid bone)

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5
Q

function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

move the laryngeal components, altering the length and tension of the vocal cords and size and shape of rima glottidis

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6
Q

what are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles supplied by?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid muscle

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7
Q

what is the function of cricothyroid muscle and what is it supplied by?

A

tenses vocal cords

supplied by external laryngeal nerve (from superior laryngeal nerve)

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8
Q

vascular supply to the larynx?

A

from superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

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9
Q

what is superior laryngeal artery a branch of?

A

superior thyroid artery

ECA –> superior thyroid artery –> superior laryngeal artery

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10
Q

what does superior laryngeal artery accompany?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

what is the inferior laryngeal artery a branch of?

A

inferior thyroid artery

subclavian artery –> thyrocervical trunk –> inferior thyroid artery –> inferior laryngeal artery

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12
Q

what does the inferior laryngeal artery accompany?

A

the inferior laryngeal nerve

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13
Q

venous drainage of the larynx?

A

superior and inferior laryngeal veins

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14
Q

summary of nerve, artery and veins to larynx

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries, veins and nerves

superior laryngeal nerve has internal and external branches

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15
Q

what does the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

sensory to supraglottic region

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16
Q

what does external branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply? function?

A

motor to cricothyroid (tenses vocal cords, tense larynx to aid phonation)
only muscle to tense vocal cords

17
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

sensory to subglottic region

motor to intrinsic muscles

18
Q

where do superior (internal + external) and recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from?

A

vagus nerve

19
Q

what does superior laryngeal nerve pierce?

A

thyrohyoid membrane

20
Q

what are superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves accompanied by?

A

arterial branches from superior and inferior thyroid arteries

21
Q

where does recurrent laryngeal nerve travel?

A

runs up the trachea-oesophageal groove
can lead to hoarseness of voice if damaged
nerve has long course, so lots of different pathology could be caused

22
Q

where do recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

A

right - under subclavian artery

left - arch of aorta

23
Q

what are causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A
idiopathic
laryngeal cancer
thyroid disease (benign / malignant)
trauma (including iatrogenic e.g. thyroidectomy)
cervical lymphadenopathy
oesophageal cancer
apical lung cancer (pancoast)
aortic aneurysm
neuropathic (DIABETES)
24
Q

what is an investigative method of larynx?

A

stroboscopy

visualise vocal fold vibration. It uses a synchronized, flashing light passed through a flexible or rigid telescope