9. Anatomy of oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

where does the oral cavity lie?

A

inferior to the nasal cavity

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2
Q

what does the oral cavity consist of?

A

2 lateral walls, a floor and a roof

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3
Q

what forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

buccinators (cheek muscle)

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4
Q

what do the buccinators act with and what are their function?

A

buccinators act with tongue to keep food between teeth when chewing

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5
Q

what forms the roof of the oral cavity?

A

hard and soft palate

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6
Q

what forms the floor of the oral cavity?

A

muscular diaphragm and the tongue

with other soft tissues

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7
Q

where does the oral cavity begin anteriorly?

A

oral fissure (bounded by the lips)

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8
Q

where does the oral cavity extend posteriorly?

A

to the oropharyngeal isthmus

connection between oral cavity and pharynx

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9
Q

what is the isthmus?

A

an ‘arch’ formed by the soft palate above

and the upper surface of the tongue below

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10
Q

what forms the sides of the oropharyngeal isthmus?

A

anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces

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11
Q

what forms the pillars / arches (of fauces)?

A
palatoglossal muscle (anterior)
palatopharyngeal muscle (posterior)
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12
Q

where do the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal muscles run from?

A

from the soft palate of the tongue and pharynx

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13
Q

when do the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal muscles contract?

A

contract during chewing to pull the soft palate down towards the back of tongue, closing the oropharyngeal isthmus

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14
Q

why do the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal muscles contract?

A

ensure the food remains in the oral cavity while chewing

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15
Q

what lies between the pillars (of fauces)?

A

tonsillar fossa

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16
Q

what is within the tonsillar fossa?

A

palatine tonsil

one of annularly arranged lymphoid tissues of Waldeyer’s ring

17
Q

when are palatine tonsils seen?

A

often easily visible and readily noticed when swollen due to inflammation e.g. tonsillitis

18
Q

what does the oropharyngeal isthmus continue posterior into?

A

the oropharynx

19
Q

what does the oral cavity plan an important role in?

A

function of the digestive system

20
Q

function of oral cavity in digestive system?

A

entry of food to digestive tract

mastication –> bolus ready for swallow

21
Q

what is digestive function of oral cavity aided by?

A

salivary gland secretions, lubricate food

contains enzymes to start chemical digestion e.g. amylase

22
Q

what are the salivary glands?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

23
Q

what can form in ducts draining salivary glands? leading to?

A

stones can form in ducts draining the glands, causing significant pain and swelling in the salivary glands
(symptoms fluctuate in relation to eating)

24
Q

which salivary gland is most commonly affected by having ducts draining it blocked?

A

submandibular gland

25
Q

what type of tissue is the tongue and what is it covered entirely by?

A

an entirely muscular tissue covered in mucous membrane

26
Q

what is the tongue capable of?

A

different shapes, positions and movements

27
Q

what are the muscles creating the tongue classified into?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

28
Q

how many intrinsic muscles are there lying entirely within the tongue?

A

4 intrinsic muscles

run longitudinally, vertically, transversely

29
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue named according to?

A

the direction in which they travel and act to alter the shape of the tongue

30
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue attached to?

A

not attached to any bones, but blend in with the extrinsic muscles

31
Q

how many extrinsic muscles are there? function?

A

4 extrinsic muscles, act to:

  1. change the position of the tongue
  2. anchor it to the surrounding structures
32
Q

which structures do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue anchor the tongue to?

A

below: hyoid bone and mandible
above: styloid process and soft palate

33
Q

what are all the muscles of the tongue innervated by?

A

the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

EXCEPT palatoglossus

34
Q

which nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?

A

CN X (vagus)

35
Q

where does the tongue receive innervation from?

A

receives afferent innervation from a number of cranial nerves

36
Q

why does the tongue receive its afferent innervation from a number of cranial nerves?

A

because of its embryological origins

pharyngeal arch 1,3,4