Population Ecology & Succession, Nutrient Cyles , Pollution Flashcards

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1
Q

When the number of organisms rises at an ever -increasing rate

A

Exponential growth

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2
Q

Number of organisms that a particular environment can support over an indefinite period of time ( births will exceed deaths until carrying capacity is reached )

A

Carrying capacity

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3
Q

What are the four types of growth graphs ?

A

-exponential (aka unrestricted growth)
- boom and bust
+ logistic (restricted growth )
+predator /prey

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4
Q

Have an increasing effect as population increases

E.g., disease, parasites, competition, crowding, and stress

A

Density dependent

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5
Q

Affects all population, regardless of their density . Usually abiotic facts

E.g., storms, floods, temp, fire

A

Density independent

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6
Q

Species living in an area to which they are not native. Can be introduced accidentally or on purpose

E.g., sika from Asia brought to south TX

A

Exotics

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7
Q

Name 3 negatives effects of exotics

A

Not native to an ecosystem
No natural predators
Can outcompete native species for resources

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8
Q

The predictable changes that an environment goes through as its being established or redeveloping

E.g., competition for light / any nutrients

A

Succession

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9
Q

Occurs in areas where no ecosystem or biological activity has existed previously, without any soil ( can take 100s and 1000s of years )

A

Primary succession

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10
Q

What are the 5 stages of primary succession?

A
  1. Pioneer species -lichens
  2. Mosses and ferns
  3. Grasses
  4. Shrubs and small softwood trees
  5. Large hardwood trees (climax community )
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11
Q

Pattern of change in areas where logical activity or an ecosystem has previously existed; already has soil and was once the home of living organism . Is faster and only stages 2-5

E.g., forest fires, floods, deforestation

A

Secondary succession

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12
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

Begins with no life

A

Primary

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13
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

Follows removal of existing biota

A

Secondary

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14
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

No soil present

A

Primary

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15
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

Soil already present

A

Secondary

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16
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

New area

A

Primary

17
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?
Old area

A

Secondary

18
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?
Lichen and moss come 1st

A

Primary

19
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?
Seeds and roots already present

A

Secondary

20
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

Biomass is low

A

Primary

21
Q

Is this primary or secondary succession ?

Biomass is higher

A

Secondary

22
Q

Critical to homeostasis
E.g., top predators (sharks,mountain lions ), hummingbirds, pollinates

A

Keystone species

23
Q

Stable ecosystem in equilibrium or steady state

A

Climax community

24
Q

Matter and nutrients recycled through an ecosystem
Energy, however, is replenished by the sun

A

Nutrient cycles

25
Q

Occurs on Earth as a solid, liquid, and gass
Precipitation →accumulation → evaporation →condensation

A

Water cycle

26
Q

-Is found in all living things -organic molecules
-CO2 is taken up by photosynthetic organisms that travel through the food chain
- carbon is released through CO2 in respiration and burning of fossil fuels (combustion)

A

Carbon cycle

27
Q
  • makes up almost 78% of air
  • every living organism needs it to make proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
  • nitrogen fixation by lighting and bacteria
A

Nitrogen cycle

28
Q

-Many organism cannot direct use nitrogen to make protein and DNA .
- bacteria living o rocks and legumes concert N to NH3 (ammonia)
- NH3 is then passed from consume to consumer along the food chain

A

Nitrogen fixation

29
Q

Bacteria produce nitrogen gas

A

Denitrifying

30
Q

Predation

A

Keeps population size within limits (density dependent )