Meiosis

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

making gametes

Question 2

What are gamets?

Answer 2

egg and sperm ( s*x cells)

Question 3

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

binary fission, budding, and regeneration are used by plants and animals to reproduce asexually through mitosis. Produces IDENTICAL copies of paretn cell.

Question 4

• faster
• doesn’t need a partner
  are …

Answer 4

advantages of asexual reproduction

Question 5

• all ALIKE
• species can’t change and adopt
  -one disease can wipe out a whole popultation
  are…

Answer 5

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Question 6

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

combines genetic material from 2 parents ( sperm and egg) so offspring are genetically different from paretn

Question 7

• allows for variation in population
• allow species to adopt to canges in environment
  are…

Answer 7

advantages of sexual reproduciton

Question 8

What is another word for body cells?

Answer 8

somatic cells

Question 9

Body cells ( somatic cells) have ____ copies of each chromosome= diploid ( 2n) ( one from mom and one from dad)

Answer 9

2 copies

Question 10

All sperm and egg cells are

Answer 10

haploid(1n)

Question 11

s*x cells have only ___ copy of each chromosome

Answer 11

one copy

Question 12

• makes 2 cells genetically identical to parent cell and to each other
  0 used by organisms to increase size of organism, repair inguries, repalce worn out cells

Answer 12

mitosis creates diploid body cells

Question 13

• makes 4 cells genetically different from paretn cell and from each other
• used for sexual reproduction

Answer 13

meiosis creates haploid sex cell

Question 14

What are the two steps Meiosis takes place in?

Answer 14

1) Meiosis I : IPMAT
2) PMAT

Question 15

DNA replicates creating hmologous chromosomes

Answer 15

interphase I

Question 16

• Homologous chromosomes pair up = synapsis
• this group of FOUR (4) chromatids is called a =tetrad

Answer 16

Prophase I

Question 17

Homologous chromosomes pair up

Answer 17

synapsis

Question 18

This group of FOUR (4) chromatids is called a

Answer 18

tetrad

Question 19

• exchange of DNA between homoglous pairs
  -allows for rearranging of DNA in different combinations
• after crossin gover, chromatid arms are NOT identical anymore

Answer 19

crossing over

Question 20

tetrads line up in the middle

Answer 20

metaphase 1

Question 21

tetrads pull apart to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 21

anaphase 1

Question 22

cell separates into 2 new cells

Answer 22

telophase 1

Question 23

No interphase II which means chromosomes are NOT copied again

Answer 23

Meiosis II

Question 24

2 cells begin meiosis II

Answer 24

Prophase II

Question 25

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Answer 25

Metaphase II

Question 26

Chomarids are pulled to opposite ends of the cel

Answer 26

Anaphase II

Question 27

The 2 cells divide to form 4 genetically different cells (gametes )

Answer 27

Telophase II / cytokinesis

Question 28

End result of meiosis

Answer 28

- 4 new cells - half number of chromosomes ad parent cell ( haploid ) - humans 23 chromosomes

Question 29

Spermatogenesis

Answer 29

Making mature sperm

Question 30

- spermatogenesis - mature and grow flagella - 4 sperms

Answer 30

Male

Question 31

Oogenesis

Answer 31

Making a mature egg

Question 32

- oogenesis - produced :1 "good " egg and 3 polar bodies - cytoplasm divides unevenly ; polar bodies degenerate ( die )

Answer 32

Female

Question 33

Why make only one "good egg "

Answer 33

- sperm donated mostly DNA - most of the cell parts and nutrients needed for baby come from egg !