Cellular Transport Flashcards
What property allows the cell membrane to maintain homeostasis?
Selective permeability
What are the two types of cellular transports?
Passive transport ( cell does not use energy )
Active transport ( cell uses energy )
What are the three characteristics of passive transport ?
- molecules move randomly
- molecules are from an area of HIGH concentration to ana area o LOW concentration
- the cell spends NO ENERGY for the particles to move
What are the three types of passive transport ?
1) simple diffusion
2) facilitated diffusion
3) osmosis
What is diffusion?
- random movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
- diffuasion continues until equilibrium is reached which is how cells maintain homeostasis
-Random movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
-diffusiom continues until equilibrium is reached
Ex: gases, small particles
Simple diffusion
What three factors affect the rate of diffusion ?
- size of particles ( permeability )( smaller - faster / bigger / slower)
- concentration of particles
- temperature
( Hot- faster / cold - slower )
- diffusion of larger molecules through transport proteins found in the membrane
- transports proteins can be protein carriers or channels
- transport proteins are specific-they select only certain molecules to cross the membrane
ex: glucose, charged ions
Facilitated Diffusion
What are the 2 kinds of transport proteins?
channel and carrier proteins
osmosis is the diffusion of ___ through a selectively premeable membrane
water
water moves from ___ water concentration area, to ___ water concentration area
high / low
a solute is
substance that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
ex: salt, and coco powder
a solvent is
substance in which a solute is dissolved
ex: water and milk
solute + solvent =
solution
Hypotonic solution is
the solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell ( low solute ; high water)
What is the result of hypotonic solution?
water moves from the solution, to inside the cell: cell swells and bursts
water moves from the solution, to inside the cell: cell swells and bursts
cytolysis
what solution adds water to the cell?
hypotonic solution
what prevents plant cells from bursting ?
the cell wall
What is hypertonic solution?
this solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell (high solute; low water)
what is the result of hypertonic solution?
water moves from inside the cell, to the solution :cell shrinks
water moves from inside the cell, to the solution :cell shrinks
plasmolysis
what solution takes out water from the cell?
hypertonic solution
What is isotonic solution?
when the concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell
What is the result of isotonic solution ?
WATER MOVES EQUALLY IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AND THE CELL REMAINS THE SAME SIZE
WATER MOVES EQUALLY IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AND THE CELL REMAINS THE SAME SIZE
dynamic equilibrium
What are 3 characteristics of active transports
1) cell uses energy( ATP)
2) activity moves molecules to where they are needed
3) movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
What are the three kinds of active transport ?
Protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
- transports proteins that requires energy to work
Ex: sodium/ potassium pumps are important on nerve responses
Proteins pumps
Taking bulky materials into a cell
- uses energy
-cell membrane folds around food particle pulling it into the cell ( cell eating )
- forms food vacuoles and digests food
- this is how white blood cells eat bacteria !
Endocytosis( enter )
Phagocytosis
Eats solids / particles
Pinocytosis
Eats liquid
- forces material out of cell in bulk ( a lot at once )
- membrane surrounding the materials fuses with cell membrane
- cell changes shape - requires energy
- this is how hormones ,are released from cells
Exocytosis ( exit )
