Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes made of ?
Proteins
What do enzymes do ?
Speed up reactions by millions and even billions of times
Enzymes are biological ___ that speed up chemical reactions
Catalysts
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permeant chemical changes
Catalysts
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by …
- lowering the amount of energy needed for rxn
- not changed by rxn ( reusable )
- not used by rxn
Enzymes are responsible for ____
Metabolism
What is the breaking apart of molecules ( hydrolysis )
Catabolism
What is the building of molecules ( dehydration synthesis / condensation rxn )
Anabolism
Most enzymes are named after ______ and usually end in _____
The substrate they work on / usually ends in ase
Ex: Lipase - lipid lactase- lactose protease - proteins sucrase - sucrose
Another chemical ( non-protein) that helps enzymes do work Ex:: vitamins
Coenzymes
Coworkers
Reactant that enzymes work on . Can be a big molecule that needs to be broken down or a small molecule that needs to be joined together
Substrate
What are the 5 steps of getting to the product .
1) enzyme + substrate
2) enzyme= substrate complex
3) transition state
4) enzyme product complex
5) enzyme+ product
The altered substrate produced at the end of the reaction
Product
The place on the enzyme where the substrate and enzyme interact
Active state
Because of this , a different enzyme is needed for almost every rxn in the body
Enzyme specificity
