Bacteria 🦠

Question 1

Microscopic (exist everywhere ), uni cellular, prokaryotic are

Answer 1

General characteristics of bacteria

Question 2

Which kingdom is
-found in extreme environments
- do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls
-instead have unique compounds in cel walls depending on species

Answer 2

Kingdom Archbacteria

Question 3

What are methanogens and what kingdom do they belong in ?

Answer 3

Methanogens live in oxygen free environments, like animal’s intestines symbiosis ; kingdom archaebacteria

Question 4

What are halophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?

Answer 4

Halophiles live in concentrated saltwater ; Kingdom Archaebacteria

Question 5

What are Thermacidophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?

Answer 5

Thermacidophiles In hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs ; kingdom archaebacteria

Question 6

which kingdom is :
-ecologically diverse
- has peptidoglycan in cell walls
-heteritephd or autotrophs

Answer 6

Kingdom eubacteria

Question 7

Decomposers or parasites in kingdom eubacteria

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

Cyanobacteria (common in ponds, streams, moist areas of land ) in kingdom eubacteria

Answer 8

Autotrophs

Question 9

What are peptidoglycan?

Answer 9

Compound that goes in the cell wall

Question 10

-no membrane bound organelles
-small ribosomes
-DNA single circular chromosome
- cell wall (peptidoglycan)
- can be classified by shape and metabolism
Are

Answer 10

Basic structure of bacteria

Question 11

Cell shape:
Spheres

Answer 11

Cocci (-us)

Question 12

Cell shape :
Rods

Answer 12

Bacilli(-us)

Question 13

Cell shape :
Spiral

Answer 13

Spirilla (-um)

Question 14

Cell Arragment :
pairs

Answer 14

Diplo

Question 15

Cell arrangement :
Cluster

Answer 15

Staphylo

Question 16

Cell Arragment :
chain

Answer 16

Strepto

Question 17

What are the 3 kinds of metabolism ?

Answer 17

1) obligate aerobes
2) obligate anaerobes
3) facultative anaerobes

Question 18

Which metabolism required oxygen for cellular respiration?

Answer 18

Obligate aerobes

Question 19

Which metabolism required no oxygen, produce energy thru glycolysis/fermentation

Answer 19

Obligate anaerobe

Question 20

Which metabolism can survive with or without oxygen

Answer 20

Facultative anaerobes

Question 21

What are 3 ways bacteria reproduce?

Answer 21

1)Binary fission
- asexual
- produced identical cell thru mitosis

2) Conjugation
- sexual
- exchange genetic info they pili → new gene combos and bacteria diversity

3) Endospore
- thick internal walk around DNA
-unfavorable growth conditions (heat, dry, no nutrients )
- can remain dormant for years

Question 22

Producers
Decomposers -recycle nutrients
Nitrogen fixers
Sewage treatment
Are

Answer 22

ecological importance of bacteria

Question 23

Food : swiss cheese, picked, yogurt
Medicines : antibiotics
Crops : nitrogen fixation, control pests
digestion: e. Coli
Are

Answer 23

Ways that bacteria is good for humans

Question 24

What are the two ways that bacteria make people sick ?

Answer 24

1) the produce toxins that “poison” host cel
2) bacterial cells crowd out healthy host cell

Question 25

- pneumonia bacteria experiments - 1928, Fredrick Griffith - had isolated 2 strains of bacteria (smooth and rough ) - mixing rcells + heat-killed scells causes a factor to " transform the rcells into scells ' - Griffith concluded that "something " transformer the rcells

Answer 25

Griffith's Transformation experiment

Question 26

-DNA Factor causing transformation - the "something " was DNA which is the substance that controls the characteristics of organisms

Answer 26

Oswald Avery 1944

Question 27

Who -demonstrate that microorganisms cause disease and discovered how to make vaccine

Answer 27

Louis Pasteur

Question 28

Vaccines, sterilization, food processing, antibiotics, disinfectants and storage Are

Answer 28

Ways to control bacteria

Question 29

Create proteins known as antibodies that fight diseases . These "memory" cells remember how to fight the diseases exposed to it

Answer 29

Vaccines

Question 30

Kill bacteria by interfering with metabolism ( break down cell wall) . E.g., penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, etc

Answer 30

Antibodies

Question 31

The area with no bacterial growth is known as ____ __ ________ because it stops bacteria from growing

Answer 31

Zone of inhibition

Question 32

Destroys all microorganisms on surfaces . Most common method is using autoclave.

Answer 32

Sterilization

Question 33

Both are substances that stop or slow down growth of bacteria

Answer 33

Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Question 34

Are used on non living surfaces

Answer 34

Disinfectants

Question 35

Are applied to the body

Answer 35

Antiseptics