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Biology Honors > Bacteria 🦠 > Flashcards

Bacteria 🦠 Flashcards

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1
Q

Microscopic (exist everywhere ), uni cellular, prokaryotic are

A

General characteristics of bacteria

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2
Q

Which kingdom is
-found in extreme environments
- do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls
-instead have unique compounds in cel walls depending on species

A

Kingdom Archbacteria

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3
Q

What are methanogens and what kingdom do they belong in ?

A

Methanogens live in oxygen free environments, like animal’s intestines symbiosis ; kingdom archaebacteria

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4
Q

What are halophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?

A

Halophiles live in concentrated saltwater ; Kingdom Archaebacteria

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5
Q

What are Thermacidophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?

A

Thermacidophiles In hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs ; kingdom archaebacteria

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6
Q

which kingdom is :
-ecologically diverse
- has peptidoglycan in cell walls
-heteritephd or autotrophs

A

Kingdom eubacteria

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7
Q

Decomposers or parasites in kingdom eubacteria

A

Heterotrophs

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8
Q

Cyanobacteria (common in ponds, streams, moist areas of land ) in kingdom eubacteria

A

Autotrophs

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9
Q

What are peptidoglycan?

A

Compound that goes in the cell wall

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10
Q

-no membrane bound organelles
-small ribosomes
-DNA single circular chromosome
- cell wall (peptidoglycan)
- can be classified by shape and metabolism
Are

A

Basic structure of bacteria

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11
Q

Cell shape:
Spheres

A

Cocci (-us)

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12
Q

Cell shape :
Rods

A

Bacilli(-us)

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13
Q

Cell shape :
Spiral

A

Spirilla (-um)

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14
Q

Cell Arragment :
pairs

A

Diplo

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15
Q

Cell arrangement :
Cluster

A

Staphylo

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16
Q

Cell Arragment :
chain

A

Strepto

17
Q

What are the 3 kinds of metabolism ?

A

1) obligate aerobes
2) obligate anaerobes
3) facultative anaerobes

18
Q

Which metabolism required oxygen for cellular respiration?

A

Obligate aerobes

19
Q

Which metabolism required no oxygen, produce energy thru glycolysis/fermentation

A

Obligate anaerobe

20
Q

Which metabolism can survive with or without oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

21
Q

What are 3 ways bacteria reproduce?

A

1)Binary fission
- asexual
- produced identical cell thru mitosis

2) Conjugation
- sexual
- exchange genetic info they pili → new gene combos and bacteria diversity

3) Endospore
- thick internal walk around DNA
-unfavorable growth conditions (heat, dry, no nutrients )
- can remain dormant for years

22
Q

Producers
Decomposers -recycle nutrients
Nitrogen fixers
Sewage treatment
Are

A

ecological importance of bacteria

23
Q

Food : swiss cheese, picked, yogurt
Medicines : antibiotics
Crops : nitrogen fixation, control pests
digestion: e. Coli
Are

A

Ways that bacteria is good for humans

24
Q

What are the two ways that bacteria make people sick ?

A

1) the produce toxins that “poison” host cel
2) bacterial cells crowd out healthy host cell

25
Q
  • pneumonia bacteria experiments
  • 1928, Fredrick Griffith
  • had isolated 2 strains of bacteria (smooth and rough )
  • mixing rcells + heat-killed scells causes a factor to “ transform the rcells into scells ‘
  • Griffith concluded that “something “ transformer the rcells
A

Griffith’s Transformation experiment

26
Q

-DNA Factor causing transformation
- the “something “ was DNA which is the substance that controls the characteristics of organisms

A

Oswald Avery 1944

27
Q

Who
-demonstrate that microorganisms cause disease and discovered how to make vaccine

A

Louis Pasteur

28
Q

Vaccines, sterilization, food processing, antibiotics, disinfectants and storage
Are

A

Ways to control bacteria

29
Q

Create proteins known as antibodies that fight diseases . These “memory” cells remember how to fight the diseases exposed to it

A

Vaccines

30
Q

Kill bacteria by interfering with metabolism ( break down cell wall) . E.g., penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, etc

A

Antibodies

31
Q

The area with no bacterial growth is known as ____ __ ________ because it stops bacteria from growing

A

Zone of inhibition

32
Q

Destroys all microorganisms on surfaces . Most common method is using autoclave.

A

Sterilization

33
Q

Both are substances that stop or slow down growth of bacteria

A

Disinfectants and Antiseptics

34
Q

Are used on non living surfaces

A

Disinfectants

35
Q

Are applied to the body

A

Antiseptics

Biology Honors (46 decks)

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