Bacteria 🦠 Flashcards
Microscopic (exist everywhere ), uni cellular, prokaryotic are
General characteristics of bacteria
Which kingdom is
-found in extreme environments
- do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls
-instead have unique compounds in cel walls depending on species
Kingdom Archbacteria
What are methanogens and what kingdom do they belong in ?
Methanogens live in oxygen free environments, like animal’s intestines symbiosis ; kingdom archaebacteria
What are halophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?
Halophiles live in concentrated saltwater ; Kingdom Archaebacteria
What are Thermacidophiles and what kingdom do they belong in ?
Thermacidophiles In hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs ; kingdom archaebacteria
which kingdom is :
-ecologically diverse
- has peptidoglycan in cell walls
-heteritephd or autotrophs
Kingdom eubacteria
Decomposers or parasites in kingdom eubacteria
Heterotrophs
Cyanobacteria (common in ponds, streams, moist areas of land ) in kingdom eubacteria
Autotrophs
What are peptidoglycan?
Compound that goes in the cell wall
-no membrane bound organelles
-small ribosomes
-DNA single circular chromosome
- cell wall (peptidoglycan)
- can be classified by shape and metabolism
Are
Basic structure of bacteria
Cell shape:
Spheres
Cocci (-us)
Cell shape :
Rods
Bacilli(-us)
Cell shape :
Spiral
Spirilla (-um)
Cell Arragment :
pairs
Diplo
Cell arrangement :
Cluster
Staphylo
Cell Arragment :
chain
Strepto
What are the 3 kinds of metabolism ?
1) obligate aerobes
2) obligate anaerobes
3) facultative anaerobes
Which metabolism required oxygen for cellular respiration?
Obligate aerobes
Which metabolism required no oxygen, produce energy thru glycolysis/fermentation
Obligate anaerobe
Which metabolism can survive with or without oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
What are 3 ways bacteria reproduce?
1)Binary fission
- asexual
- produced identical cell thru mitosis
2) Conjugation
- sexual
- exchange genetic info they pili → new gene combos and bacteria diversity
3) Endospore
- thick internal walk around DNA
-unfavorable growth conditions (heat, dry, no nutrients )
- can remain dormant for years
Producers
Decomposers -recycle nutrients
Nitrogen fixers
Sewage treatment
Are
ecological importance of bacteria
Food : swiss cheese, picked, yogurt
Medicines : antibiotics
Crops : nitrogen fixation, control pests
digestion: e. Coli
Are
Ways that bacteria is good for humans
What are the two ways that bacteria make people sick ?
1) the produce toxins that “poison” host cel
2) bacterial cells crowd out healthy host cell
- pneumonia bacteria experiments
- 1928, Fredrick Griffith
- had isolated 2 strains of bacteria (smooth and rough )
- mixing rcells + heat-killed scells causes a factor to “ transform the rcells into scells ‘
- Griffith concluded that “something “ transformer the rcells
Griffith’s Transformation experiment
-DNA Factor causing transformation
- the “something “ was DNA which is the substance that controls the characteristics of organisms
Oswald Avery 1944
Who
-demonstrate that microorganisms cause disease and discovered how to make vaccine
Louis Pasteur
Vaccines, sterilization, food processing, antibiotics, disinfectants and storage
Are
Ways to control bacteria
Create proteins known as antibodies that fight diseases . These “memory” cells remember how to fight the diseases exposed to it
Vaccines
Kill bacteria by interfering with metabolism ( break down cell wall) . E.g., penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, etc
Antibodies
The area with no bacterial growth is known as ____ __ ________ because it stops bacteria from growing
Zone of inhibition
Destroys all microorganisms on surfaces . Most common method is using autoclave.
Sterilization
Both are substances that stop or slow down growth of bacteria
Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Are used on non living surfaces
Disinfectants
Are applied to the body
Antiseptics
