Genetic Mutations Flashcards
What is a mutation ?
Any mistake or change in DNA sequence
What causes mutations ?
It can be random or environmental :
Influences :x-ray, UV rays, radioactive materials, chemicals, cigarettes, medication
Chromosomal mutation
Affects whole or part of a chromosome
Gene mutation
Changes to the based in the DNA of ONE gene
- change in one or more nucleotides
- Affects the amino acids and protein produced
- Two types
Gene mutation
What are the two kinds of gene mutation?
Point mutation and frameshift mutation
Point mutation is also called _____. It’s the change in a single base pair in DNA.
e.g.,
Sickle cell anemia
Substitution
What is it called a point mutation is harmless and is due to the redundancy if the genetic code
Silent mutation
What is it called when a single base pair is added or deleted from DNA. Causes a shift in the “reading frame “
E.g.
Cystic fibrosis
Frameshift mutation
What are the two kinds of frameshift mutation?
Insertion and Deletion
A kind of frameshift where one or more bases are added into the mRNA strand
Insertion
A kind of frameshift in which one or more bases are removed from the mRNA strand
Deletion
When a point mutation or a shift in the reading frame can sometimes cause a premature STOP codon
Nonsense mutation
What kind of mutation produce functional protein that result in an entirely new trait . These mutations are usually beneficial and result in an advantage in an organism’s environment .
Gain -of-function
