Phy Sci chapter three study guide Flashcards
State Archimedes Principle
the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces
An object’s volume can be found by dividing its mass by its what?
Density
State Pascal’s Principle
A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
Matter is made of particles that are in constant motion
The faster particles move, the higher the temperature of the substance
At the same temperature, more massive particles move more slowly than less massive ones
What is sublimation
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
When does evaporation occur?
When a liquid changes into a gas
State the law of conservation of mass
In chemical changes, as well as in physical changes, the total mass of the substances undergoing the change stays the same before and after the change
What is Boyle’s Law
What does it relate
What is the formula
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the gas’s pressure decreases
It relates the pressure of a gas to its volume
P1V1 = P2V2
What is Gay-Lussac’s law
The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change
What is buoyant force
The upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid
What occurs when the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume increases
The pressure decreases
What occurs when the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperate decreases
The gas’s pressure increases
What is temperature?
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
What is thermal energy
The total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
State the law of conservation of energy
Energy may be changed to another form during a physical or chemical change, but the total amount of energy present before and after the change is the same
What happens when ice melts to form liquid?
Energy is required to melt it
What occurs when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas during evaporation?
The change of state requires energy
What occurs to particles of a substance when it condenses
The particles slow down and clump together
The ability of an object to float on a fluid is influenced by what 3 factors
Weight
Buoyant force
Density
What is viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
What relates to Charles’s Law
Temperature to volume
What is the equation to Gay-Lussac’s law
P1T1 = P2T2
What happens to a fixed sample of gas when it increases in volume
The temperature increases
