geography 3RD 9 WEEKS EXAM Flashcards
What are some examples of “important decisions” governments would make in a command economy
What products factories works manufacture
What crops farms would grow
What prices merchants would charge for goods
What countries make up the UK
England
Scotland
Wales
Ireland
What are the 2 largest countries in Western Europe
France
Germany
What percent of these world’s freshwater does Lake Baikal hold
20%
What countries in Northern Europe give families a yearly allowance to help them raise their kids
Sweden
Finland
Norway
Who refused to leave Eastern Europe until they did what
Soviet Union
Set up communists governments there
What are the 5 Nordic countries
Finland Iceland Norway Denmark Sweden
Who put an end to the rule of the Mongols in the 1500s
Ivan the Great
Who controlled the region of Russia and the republics until the 1500s
The Mongols from Mongolia
What is a democracy
Ruled by the people
The emperor of Russia prior to the Russian revolution of 1917 and the subsequent creation of the Soviet Union in 1922
Czar
What country is known for spending time in the Sauna
Finland
What happened in Eastern Europe that sparked WWI
A Serb assassinated an Austrian noble
What nations are less industrial than western and Northern Europe
Mediterranean
What did the tensions between the USA and Soviet Union result in
Cold War
A period when some Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches
Reformation
What cities are included in the Northern European plain
Moscow
St. Petersburg
Kiev
What is better in the modern life of the people of Western Europe than the USA
Most people live in cities and have a high standard of living
Crime rates are lower than in the USA
Receive more paid vacation time
What was arranged in 1992 that stopped more people from being killed since thousands were already dead
United Nations ceasefire
A place where various cultures cross paths, many world powers have tried to control it
Cultural crossroads
Where does the Northern European plain stretch from
The western border of Russia to the Ural Mountains
How many time zones span through Europe and Asia
11
How many states was Ireland divided into and what were the names of them
2
Republic of Ireland
Northern Ireland
What place has the richest land, most people, and largest cities
Northern European Plain
What happened in 1878 in Yugoslavia
Serbia broke free from the Ottoman Empire; many Serbs wanted all the south Slavs to unite as one nation
Which famous composers are from Germany and Austria
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ludwig Von Beethoven
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
What is the currency used throughout most of Europe
Euro
Who invaded Yugoslavia during WWII
Germany
Italy
What mountain range separates the black and Caspian seas
Caucasus Mountains
What was the Velvet Revolution
The police used violence to stop a student-led pro-democracy protest
What did the communists call their organized imperial kingdom
Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (U.S.S.R.)
What is Russia’s national drink
Vodka
What caused the allies to go to war with Hitler
Germany’s invasion of Poland
How did Great Britain play a large role in the development of here modern world
Representative government
Initiating and spreading the industrial revolution
political unit made up of a city and it’s surrounding lands
City-state
The belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history
Nationalism
What percent of the world’s timber resources do Russia and the republics hold
20%
Nations dominated by another country
Satellite nations
Who became dictator of Yugoslavia after the war and remained so until his death in 1980
Joseph Broz Tito
How many times bigger is the land area of Russia and the Republics than the USA
3
What customs and sports come from England
Afternoon tea
Rugby
Cricket
Cross
What countries are in Northern Europe
The UK Ireland Finland Iceland Norway Denmark Sweden
What was the largest and most powerful of the 15 republics
Russia
What ideas did the Magna Carta inspire
Trial by jury
No taxation without representation
Where did Peter the Great move the capital of Russia
St. Petersburg
Whom did the Serbs use violence to get rid of
Bosnia’a Muslims and Croats
How many deaths do historians estimate Stalin was responsible for
More than 14 million people
What countries make up the Baltic Republics and where is it located
Latvia
Lithuania
Estonia
Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea
What countries make up the Baltic Republics and where is it located
Latvia
Lithuania
Estonia
Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea
Who has the oldest parliament in the world and since what year have they been meeting
Iceland
930
Who filled the vacuum left by the downfall of Greece
They became a vast empire (eventually ruled by emperors) after the fall of the republic
Rome
When was the Magna Carta issued
1215
What Slavic nation wanted to free the slaves in Austria-Hungary
Serbia
What is abundant on the Northern European Plain
Chernozem
Which famous artist is from France
Claude Monet
What ultimately led to the rise of hitler in WWII
The allies won and imposed harsh penalties on Germany
Tensions between who led to the Cold War
USA
Soviet Union
What country in Mediterranean Europe is a leader in producing automobiles
Spain
What led to war in 1992 in Yugoslavia
Disagreement among ethnic groups over whether Bosnia and Herzegovina should become independent
What country in Mediterranean Europe is a major producer of clothing and shoes
Italy
The Caucasus mountains form the birder between what
Russia
Transcaucasia
Who was one of the leaders in the reformation movement in 1517
Martin Luther
What does “the sun never sets on the British empire” mean
They are in control of so much land that the sun is always shining down on a section
An enormous farm in the Soviet Union on which a large team of laborers were gathered to work together during Joseph Stalin’s reign
Collective farm
Under the leadership of whom did Serbia look to expand
Slobodan Milosevic
The Russian people’s anger with the czars resulted in what
The Russian Revolution of 1917
The hatred between what 2 groups broke out into all out war
Serb
Croat
What countries are in Western Europe
France
Germany
Switzerland
Austria
What became a region of satellite nations
Eastern Europe
What resources are abundant in Russia and the republics
Coal
Iron ore
Metals
Natural gas
What countries are located in Eastern Europe
Poland Slovakia Hungary Czech Republic Slovenia Croatia Romania Bulgaria Yugoslavia Albania
What does Yugoslavia mean
Land of the south Slavs
Russia and the Republics are nearly what fraction of the Earth’s land surface
1/6
How many regions were Russia and the republics divided into
15
What did Karl Marx believe
That capitalism would fail because it concentrated wealth in the hands of a few and left too many people in poverty
What happens as you move eat in northern Russia
Elevation rises
An economy in which the central government makes all the important decisions
Command economy
What percent of what place is made up of ethnic minorities
25% of London
Government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
Republic
Who took control during the Russian revolution of 1917
The Russian communist government led by V.I.Lenin
What is the deepest lake in the world
Lake Baikal
What helped cause WWII in Western Europe
Nationalistic rivalries
How many species are unique to Lake Baikal
1200
Where do the Caucasus Mountains stretch
The land that separates the black and Caspian seas
Renewed interest in the learning and the arts from the 14th to 16ty centuries
Renaissance
What part of Ireland is still part of the UK
Northern Ireland
Where are many of the resources unfortunately located
Frigid arctic and subarctic region of Siberia
Who are the famous people from chapter 16
Feodor Dostoyevsky (Crime and Punishment writer) Peter Tchaikovsky (composer) Igor Stravinsky (composer)
What was one reform Mikhael made for Eastern Europe
More freedom
What is the system of government that took shape after Rome fell that allows powerful lords to rule the land
Feudalism
What countries are in Mediterranean Europe
France
Portugal
Spain
Italy
High-tech region of Scotland in the 1990s
Silicon Glen
What percent of Russia’s river traffic does the Volga River carry
60%
What was Germany split into after it’s defeat
East Germany
West Germany
Black topsoil
Chernozem
A region’s distance from the moderating effects of the sea
Continentality
What famous writers have made a strong artistic influence on Northern Europe
William Shakespeare
James Joyce
When Russia finally began to industrialize, it resulted in what
Harsh working conditions
Low wages
Other hardships
Which country is known for the smorgasbord
Sweden
What was the first democracy
Athens, Greec
An enormous farm in the Soviet Union on which a large team of laborers were gathered to work together during Joseph Stalin’s reign
Collective farm
Who moved the capital of Russia to become more industrialized
Peter the Great
When did Milosevic die
In 2006 in prison after being put on trial and arrested for war crimes
A series of wars between Christians and Muslims fighting over the holy land
Crusades
When did the crusades begin
Just before 1100
Who was the new Soviet Union leader by what year
Mikhael Gorbachev
Late 1980s
When did the Republic of Ireland gain it’s independence
1921
Who installed pro-soviet governments in a Eastern Europe and why
The Russian leader Joseph Stalin because his armies had liberated them from Nazi Germany
When did the Bubonic Plague strike
Mid 1300s
Structures that carry water for long distances
Aqueducts
The communists had been inspired by whom
A German philosopher named Karl Marx
What was the result of many of the Croats cooperating with the Nazis
Manu Serbs and Jews were massacred
The emperor of Russia prior to the Russian revolution of 1917 and the subsequent creation of the Soviet Union in 1922
Czar
What ended the Cold War
The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
What country in Mediterranean Europe is prolific in producing textiles
Portugal
What was the result of the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
More than 200,000 people died
Over 2 million left their homes
Where are 2 of the largest lakes located
Central Asia
What are two of the largest seas located in Central Asia
Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
What republics are located in Transcaucasia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Where did the Velvet Revolution take place
Czechoslovakia
When did almost all of the British colonies gain their independence
After WWII
What dominated a large region in Eastern Europe after WWII
Soviet Union
What are the republics of Transcaucasia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
A region known for frigid temperatures as well as it’s many natural resources
Siberia
Many people of this ethnic group sided with Hitler and had Serbs and Jews killed during WWII
Croatians
What is the currency used through much of Europe today
Euro
Which of the following is Russia’s present-capital city
Moscow
Which region of Europe has great diversity because of its history as a cultural crossroads
Eastern
No one has successfully invaded England on its own soil since who
William the Conqueror of the Normans in the 1000s
Does Great Britain still rule over many countries today
No
What do the Caucasus mountains form the border between
Russia
Transcaucasia
Who dominated the satellite nations of Eastern Europe following WWII
Soviet Union
In the 1980s, the city of Berlin was located where
East Germany
Where are the biggest cities found in Russia
Northern European plain
Mediterranean Europe is the only region of Europe not defined by a location
If it was it would be described as what
Southern Europe
The communist leader who kept Yugoslavia independent of Soviet Rule and managed to calm ethnic tensions
Josip Broz Tito
What ocean lies to the north of Russia and the republics
Arctic
Who never conquered the German territory
Rome
What are two sports that England is really known for
Rugby
Cricket
To eradicate a certain ethnic group using violence
Ethnic cleansing
What is the most likely religion of the people living in the Nordic countries
Protestant
The mountain range that separated the Northern European and West Siberian plain
Ural Mountains
The term used to describe a region’s distance away from the moderating influence of the sea
Continentality
In the early 1900s, independence was declared by four of the six republics of what
Yugoslavia
What country is famous for its high-speed trains, high-fashion clothes, and gourmet foods
France
Western Europe is dominated by its largest nations of France and Germany
Another country in Western Europe is
Belgium
The country that was formed after England took over Wales, Soctland, and Ireland is called what
United Kingdom
The Northern European plain is located on which border of Russia
Western
What part of Europe has a national healthcare system
Northern
The oldest and deepest lake in the world
Lake Baikal
Great Britain played a large role in the development of the modern world through what
Representative government
Spreading the industrial revolution
What was the movement begun in the 1500s to correct problems in the Catholic Church
Reformation
What two religions were the Crusades fought between
Christian
Muslim
What is the place in Northern Europe with the greatest diversity
London, England
The longest river on the European continent
Volga
What country has the oldest parliament in the world
Iceland
After World War II, this country was divided into east and west, but in 1990, the two nations reunified into what nation called
Germany
How do the people feel under communism
Not empowered
Who are famous musicians from Germany and Austria
Bach
Beethoven
Mozart
Who were the Muslims from turkey who conquered part of Eastern Europe in the 1400s
Ottomans
What are three Russian republics that are not part of Transcaucasia
Ukraine
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
What plain lies between the Ural Mountains and the Central Siberian Plateau
West Siberian Plain
What are the 2 dominant countries of Western Europe
France
Germany
Hitler’s invasion of what country forced the allies to go to war
Poland
Serbia looked to expand its territory and seize territories that had large Serbian minorities in the
1990s
In the 1980s, the Soviet Union had a reasonable leader come to power who worked with The West much more than his predecessors had. Who was he
Mikhael Gorbachev
Who filled the void when the great power of Greece fell
Rome
Why do the countries in Northern Europe pay high taxes
They have social welfare programs
What were the Vikings the ancient inhabitants of
The Nordic countries
What was damages by efforts to use its waters for irrigation of nearby farms
Aral Sea
In what part of the region is the greatest concentration of cities
Western
Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland are part of Northern Europe, but more specifically they are part of what
The Nordic countries
Who was the Serbian leader that was arrested for war crimes and died in prison
Slobodan Milosevic
The period of renewed interest in learning and the arts, which began in Italy in the 14th century
Renaissance
The fertile soul found on the Northern European plain
Chernozem
Who had built a global empire by the 1800s
England
The term that is used to describe the permanently frozen subsoil in Siberia
Permafrost
What was the city-state that produced the first democracy
Athens
What was the official religion of the Roman Empire
Christianity
Did all of the countries avoid bloodshed when hey defeated communism
No
What part of Europe is still suffering today as a result of the communist regimes that ruled for so long
Eastern
Is the Magna Carta a Swedish document
No
One type of vegetation that is not found in Russia and the republics
Swamp
Would the Nordic countries, based on their location on the globe, do better in the summer or Winter Olympics
Winter
What would be found in a region that had undergone Balkanization
Several small, hostile states
What spread from Asia to Europe and caused the deaths of millions of people
Bubonic plague
The high-tech region known as Silicon Glen was located where
Northern Europe
The Volga river carries what percent of Russia’s river traffic
60%
What does Yugoslavia mean
“Land of the South Slavs”
