Music App 3RD NINE WEEKS EXAM Flashcards
What are some high instruments
Clarinet Flute Guitar Harmonica Saxophone Oboe
How high or low a sound is
Pitch
What are some low instruments
Trombone Tuba Bass guitar French horn Euphonium Bassoon
Is a treble clef high or low
High
Is a bass clef high or low
Low
How fast or slow a piece is
Tempo
Getting slower
Ritardando
Getting faster
Accelerando
How long or short sounds or silences are
Rhythm
What note has 4 clicks
Whole note
What note has 2 clicks
Half note
What note has 1 click
Quarter note
What note has 1/2 click
Eighth note
What note has 1/4 click
Sixteenth note
How loud or soft music is
Dynamics
Very, very soft
Pianississimo
Very, very loud
fortississimo
Gradually getting louder
Crescendo
Gradually getting softer
Diminuendo
Rhythm and pitch combined
Melody
When more than one pitch is played at the same time
Harmony
How many sounds
Texture
Single melodic line
Monophonic
More than one voice part
Polyphonic
Single melodic line with chordal accompaniment
Homophonic
When performers sing/play the same melody but in their own way
Heterophony
Musical plan/how it’s divided
Structure
AB structure
Binary
ABA structure
Ternary
ABACA structure
Rondo
Verse/Chorus structure
Pop song
How each instrument/voice sounds
Timbre
Four voice types
Soprano
Alto
Tenor
Bass
Types of music
Style
What family does the violin belong to
String
How do string instruments produce sound
Bow
Strike
Pluck
How do you produce different notes on string instruments
Lengthening or shortening the strings
What family does the viola belong to
String
What family does the cello belong to
String
What family does the double bass belong to
String
What family does the flute belong to
Woodwind
How does a woodwind instrument make sound
Blowing over the hole/vibrating the reed
How are different notes produced on woodwind instruments
Covering different holes and pressing combinations of keys
How many reeds does an oboe have
2
What family does the oboe belong to
Woodwind
What family does the bassoon belong to
Woodwind
How many reeds does a bassoon have
1
How many reeds does a clarinet have
1
What family does the clarinet belong to
Woodwind
What family does the saxophone belong to
Woodwind
How many reeds does a saxophone have
1
What family does the trumpet belong to
Brass
How do brass instruments produce notes
Buzz lips against mouthpiece
How do brass instruments produce different notes
Pressing valves and different combination of valves
Move the slide in different positions
What family does the French horn belong to
Brass
What family does the trombone belong to
Brass
What family does the euphonium belong to
Brass
What family does the tuba belong to
Brass
What family does the snare drum belong to
Percussion
How does the snare drum produce sound
Hit drumsticks against the head and snares vibrate
How does a snare drum produce different sounds
Hit with or without snares
Hitting the rim
What family does the marimba belong to
Percussion
How does a marimba produce sound
Hitting the keys/bars
How does a marimba produce different sounds
Hit different keys
Where you hit the instrument itself
What family does soprano belong to
Vocal
What family does alto belong to
Vocal
What family does tenor belong to
Vocal
What family does bass belong to
Vocal
What is the highest female voice
Soprano
What is the deepest female voice
Alto
What is the highest male voice
Tenor
What is the lowest male voice
Bass
How big the difference is between the high and low points of the waves
Amplitude
Loudness/softness of a note
Dynamic level
How often one wave peak goes by
Frequency
Difference between high and low points and produces a loud note
High amplitude
Lots of short waves and produces high notes
High frequency
Wave in the same direction they are moving
Longitudinal waves
Small differences between high and low points and produces a soft note
Low amplitude
Very few long waves and produces low notes
Low frequency
Waves in the air caused by vibrations
Produces sound
Sound waves
Wave in a different direction than they are moving
Transverse waves
Distance from the high point of one wave to the next one
Wavelength
Sounds that are mixtures of all the different wavelengths
White noise
How is a soft note produced
Low amplitude
How is a loud note produced
High amplitude
How is a high note produced
High frequency
How is a low note produced
Low frequency
Few waves
How is amplitude measured
Decibels
What is another name for amplitude
Ah
How do scientists measure how many wave peaks go by in one second
Hertz
What is another name for frequency
Pitch
What do we call sounds that are organized by people
Music
What is the Italian word for loud
Forte
What is the Italian work for soft
Piano
How are sound waves and water waves different
Sound waves are longitudinal
Water waves are transverse
What are the names of the 3 bones in the ear
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
Why can’t sound travel through empty space
The waves need a medium to travel through
What happens from the time sound waves enter your ears to the time the signal gets to your brain
The ear turns the signals in the wave into electrical nerve signals sent to your brain
What makes up your outer ear
Auditory canal –> ear drum
What makes up the middle part of your ear
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
What makes up the inner part of your ear
Cochlea
Corti
Auditory nerve
Brain
What is the path of sound waves from outer to inner ear
Auditory canal –> ear drum
Hammer –> anvil –> stirrup
Cochlea –> auditory nerve –> brain
A style of “art” music as distinguished from folk, jazz, or popular music
Classical
The customs, ideas, tastes, and beliefs acquired from a person’s background
Culture
Making up music on the spot
Improvisation
A popular style of music that developed in America during the late 1800s and the early 1900s
Jazz
The distinct manner or character of musical expression
Musical style
The ability to discern musical characteristics and describe them
Perceptive listening
Who were the 2 classical composers listed in this chapter
Franz Joseph Hayden
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Who made the first recording of authentic jazz
Louis Armstrong
Who started out as a classical musician but switched to jazz music
Wynton Marsalis
Who was the teacher of Louis Armstrong
Joseph “King” Oliver
Who is known as one of the greatest jazz singers of all time
Ella Fitzgerald
What are the characteristics of jazz music
Exuberant spirit Improvisation Simple Heartfelt Dancelike Rhythmic
Name the places where jazz music developed
New York Chicago Kansas City East Texas New Orleans
What are the 3 internal characteristics of music
Means
Expression
Order
What are the 2 external characteristics of music
Origin
Use
Why is America known as the “melting pot”
Immigrants came to America from everywhere
We mix with people everyday who come from different cultures than we do
The quality of sound
Timbre
Scientists who study characteristics and customs of a group of people
Anthropologist
Professionals who study the music of different cultural groups
Enthomusicologist
The ability to look at the world from another’s perspective; becoming familiar with and understanding music of other cultures gives us an understanding of someone else’s viewpoint
Empathy
Warrior dance with great rhythmic energy and subtly expressed bravery, vitality, and brotherhood
From the Bamileke tribe
Celebrated ability and skill in battle, self-confidence, and manliness
Lali
Mixed culture
Mestizo
Mexican musical group with several violins, 2 trumpets, a bass guitar called a guitarron, a short 5 string rhythm guitar called a vihuela, and a 6 string guitar
Mariachi
Chinese style of opera that combines an orchestra with speaking, singing, acrobatic martial arts, and pantomime
Peking opera
Bass guitar from Mexico
Guitarron
Small 2-stringed bowed lute from China
Jinghu
A thin guitar from Mexico
Jarana
35-string harp from Mexico
Arpa
Round plucked lute from China
Yuegin
Large 2-stringed lute from China
Jing Erhu
Short 5-string rhythm guitar from Mexico
Vihuela
Four-string guitar from Mexico
Requinto jarocho
How do we become acquainted with the unwritten cultural traditions of other societies
Field recordings done by anthropologists
Which tribe is associated with the Lali
Bamileke
What are songs from the country in Mexico called
Cancion ranchera
What is the most well-known sons jaliscienses
La Negra “The Dark Woman”
What are traditional songs of Mexico called
Sones jarochos
What is one of the most famous sons jarochos
“La Bamba”
Where do the stories in the Peking Opera come from
Chinese history or folklore
What types of actors were in the cast
Ancient bearded men Flirtatious girls Women warriors Generals and kings are presented in a larger-than-life manner Clowns were portrayed as common people
How were the singers accompanied in the operas
String instruments:
Jinghu
Jing erhu
Yuegin
What string instrument accompanied the males in the operas
Jinghu
What string instrument accompanied the females in the operas
Jing erhu
What string instrument accompanied both the males and females in the operas
Yuegin
What accompanied the movements in the operas
Cymbals
Gongs
Bright sounding drum
Wood clapper
Where did the ensemble sit
On stage, in full view of the audience
What were the different parts that made up the operas
Speaking
Singing
Acrobatic martial arts
Pantomime
Describe how the Peking opera is different from the western opera
The Peking opera has a shrill tone quality and a higher vocal range
Without instruments
A cappella
Non-religious vocal works in several parts
Madrigal
Traveling poet-musician in Germany
Minnesinger
Markings over or under the text to signal pitch changes
Neumes
A compositional method in which 2 voice parts sing the same melody, one a perfect fourth or fifth higher than the other
Parallel organum
Music with no strict meter or accompaniment
Sung by a single voice or unison choir
Plainsong
Also known as plainchant
Written notation
Score
Non-religious
Secular
Based on verses from the bible (religious)
Sacred
Traveling poet-musicians from southern France
Troubadour
Traveling poet-musicians from northern France
Trouvere
A Benedictine monk who devised the first true system of staff notation
Based on a four-line staff
Guido of Arezzo
One of the most famous composers of the medieval era
First documented woman composer
Composed sacred music only for women
Hildegard Von Bingen
What role did the church play during the Medieval era
They assumed leadership roles in everything from politics to the arts
It’s music was the foundation for western music
Biggest influence on daily life
What was the difference between secular and sacred music
Sacred was based on bible verses and had only voices
Secular is not religious and had voices and instruments
List the 6 periods of music and gives the dates for each period
Medieval : 450-1450 Renaissance : 1450-1600 Baroque : 1600-1750 Classical : 1750-1825 Romantic : 1825-1900 Modern : 1900-present
What are the music characteristics of the Medieval era
Sacred Plainsong Monophonic Heterophonic Polyphonic
Who are the composers of the Medieval era
Hildegard Von Bingen Guillaume de Machaut John Dunstable Phillipe de Vitry Guillaume Dufay
Independent musical lines
counterpoint
Placing emphasis on human values
Humanism
Non-religious work sung in several parts
Madrigal
A polyphonic work based on a sacred text
Motet
Someone who supports an artist or musician so that they can work at their craft
Patron
Means “re-birth”
Revival of the study of the Classical Greek & Roman eras
Renaissance
The sound of the music portrayed the meaning of the text
Word painting
What are the 5 parts of the mass
Gloria Kyrie Sanctus Credo Angus Dei
What was the main difference between the music of the Medieval era and the Renaissance era
Secular music joined sacred music
Instrumental music joined music
What nationality was Thomas Weelkes and what type of music did he write
English
Sacred, secular, and known for his madrigals
What nationality was Michael Praetorius and what type of music did he write
German
Sacred hymns, motets, and songs
Secular madrigals, songs, and dancing pieces
Who are the famous composers from the Renaissance period
Michael Praetorius Thomas Weelkes Josquin des Prez Giovanni da Palestrina William Byrd Thomas Morley Giovanni Gabrielli
What are the musical characteristics of the Renaissance period
Polyphony
Counterpoint
What are the types of music during the Renaissance period
Mass
Motet
Madrigals
Basic emotional states
Affections
A section in a piece of music
Movement
Play set to music and staged with orchestra
Opera
An instrumental work for a solo instrument performing alone or with accompaniment, in 3 contrasting movements, such as fast-slow-fast or loud-soft-loud
Sonata
Layered dynamic levels
Terraces dynamics
Accompaniment would consist of a harpsichord sounding the chords and a viola da gamba reinforcing the bass line
Continuo
Where does the term “Baroque” come from
A French word for “imperfect” or “irregular” pearl
Means an extravagant style
What 2 words describe Baroque architecture and music
Exuberant
Emotional
How were Baroque characteristics shown in the music
Repetitive Embellishment/ornamentation Terraced dynamics Basic emotional states Instrumental music became more important
What are the 4 affections mentioned in the Baroque section
Love
Sorrow
Fear
Anger
What types of music started to become more prominent and important in the Baroque era
Secular
Instrumental
What were some new forms of music during the Baroque era
Sonata
Cantatas
Oratorios
Opera
A way of speaking musically
Combination of singing and speaking
Events of the story were told through these
Recitative
Marks a pause in the storytelling while a character reacts to events
Aria
In what year did opera make its debut
1600
How many of Monteverdi’s operas still exist today
3
Who are the composers from the Baroque era
Johann Sebastian Bach George Frederic Handel Antonio Vivaldi Claudio Monteverdi Domenico Scarlatti
