geography 3RD NINE WEEKS EXAM Flashcards
Government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
Republic
political unit made up of a city and it’s surrounding lands
City-state
A series of wars between Christians and Muslims fighting over the holy land
Crusades
Renewed interest in the learning and the arts from the 14th to 16ty centuries
Renaissance
Structures that carry water for long distances
Aqueducts
What is a democracy
Ruled by the people
What was the first democracy
Athens, Greec
Who filled the vacuum left by the downfall of Greece
They became a vast empire (eventually ruled by emperors) after the fall of the republic
Rome
When did the crusades begin
Just before 1100
When did the Bubonic Plague strike
Mid 1300s
What nations are less industrial than western and Northern Europe
Mediterranean
What countries are in Mediterranean Europe
France
Portugal
Spain
Italy
What country in Mediterranean Europe is prolific in producing textiles
Portugal
What country in Mediterranean Europe is a leader in producing automobiles
Spain
Shay country in Mediterranean Europe is a major producer of clothing and shoes
Italy
What are the 2 largest countries in Western Europe
France
Germany
A period when some Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches
Reformation
Who was one of the leaders in the reformation movement in 1517
Martin Luther
What is the system of government that took shape after Rome fell that allows powerful lords to rule the land
Feudalism
The belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history
Nationalism
What helped cause WWII in Western Europe
Nationalistic rivalries
What ultimately led to the rise of hitler in WWII
The allies won and imposed harsh penalties on Germany
What was Germany split into after it’s defeat
East Germany
West Germany
Which famous composers are from Germany and Austria
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ludwig Von Beethoven
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Which famous artist is from France
Claude Monet
What is better in the modern life of the people of Western Europe than the USA
Most people live in cities and have a high standard of living
Crime rates are lower than in the USA
Receive more paid vacation time
What countries are in Western Europe
France
Germany
Switzerland
Austria
What countries are in Northern Europe
The UK Ireland Finland Iceland Norway Denmark Sweden
What countries make up the UK
England
Scotland
Wales
Ireland
What does “the sun never sets on the British empire” mean
They are in control of so much land that the sun is always shining down on a section
How did Great Britain play a large role in the development of here modern world
Representative government
Initiating and spreading the industrial revolution
When was the Magna Carta issued
1215
What ideas did the Magna Carta inspire
Trial by jury
No taxation without representation
Who has the oldest parliament in the world and since what year have they been meeting
Iceland
930
When did almost all of the British colonies gain their independence
After WWII
How many states was Ireland divided into and what were the names of them
2
Republic of Ireland
Northern Ireland
When did the Republic of Ireland gain it’s independence
1921
What part of Ireland is still part of the UK
Northern Ireland
High-tech region of Scotland in the 1990s
Silicon Glen
What is the currency used throughout most of Europe
Euro
What percent of what place is made up of ethnic minorities
25% of London
What famous writers have made a strong artistic influence on Northern Europe
William Shakespeare
James Joyce
What countries in Northern Europe give families a yearly allowance to help them raise their kids
Sweden
Finland
Norway
What customs and sports come from England
Afternoon tea
Rugby
Cricket
Cross
A place where various cultures cross paths, many world powers have tried to control it
Cultural crossroads
What Slavic nation wanted to free the slaves in Austria-Hungary
Serbia
What happened in Eastern Europe that sparked WWI
A Serb assassinated an Austrian noble
What caused the allies to go to war with Hitler
Germany’s invasion of Poland
Who refused to leave Eastern Europe until they did what
Soviet Union
Set up communists governments there
Nations dominated by another country
Satellite nations
What became a region of satellite nations
Eastern Europe
Who was the new Soviet Union leader by what year
Mikhael Gorbachev
Late 1980s
What was one reform Mikhael made for Eastern Europe
More freedom
What countries are located in Eastern Europe
Poland Slovakia Hungary Czech Republic Slovenia Croatia Romania Bulgaria Yugoslavia Albania
What are the 5 Nordic countries
Finland Iceland Norway Denmark Sweden
Which country is known for the smorgasbord
Sweden
What country is known for spending time in the Sauna
Finland
Where did the Velvet Revolution take place
Czechoslovakia
What was the Velvet Revolution
The police used violence to stop a student-led pro-democracy protest
What led to war in 1992 in Yugoslavia
Disagreement among ethnic groups over whether Bosnia and Herzegovina should become independent
What happened in 1878 in Yugoslavia
Serbia broke free from the Ottoman Empire; many Serbs wanted all the south Slavs to unite as one nation
What does Yugoslavia mean
Land of the south Slavs
Who invaded Yugoslavia during WWII
Germany
Italy
What was the result of many of the Croats cooperating with the Nazis
Manu Serbs and Jews were massacred
Who became dictator of Yugoslavia after the war and remained so until his death in 1980
Joseph Broz Tito
Under the leadership of whom did Serbia look to expand
Slobodan Milosevic
The hatred between what 2 groups broke out into all out war
Serb
Croat
What was arranged in 1992 that stopped more people from being killed since thousands were already dead
United Nations ceasefire
Whom did the Serbs use violence to get rid of
Bosnia’a Muslims and Croats
What was the result of the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
More than 200,000 people died
Over 2 million left their homes
When did Milosevic die
In 2006 in prison after being put on trial and arrested for war crimes
How many times bigger is the land area of Russia and the Republics than the USA
3
How many time zones span through Europe and Asia
11
Russia and the Republics are nearly what fraction of the Earth’s land surface
1/6
What place has the richest land, most people, and largest cities
Northern European Plain
Where does the Northern European plain stretch from
The western border of Russia to the Ural Mountains
What is abundant on the Northern European Plain
Chernozem
What cities are included in the Northern European plain
Moscow
St. Petersburg
Kiev
What happens as you move eat in northern Russia
Elevation rises
What mountain range separates the black and Caspian seas
Caucasus Mountains
Where do the Caucasus Mountains stretch
The land that separates the black and Caspian seas
The Caucasus mountains form the birder between what
Russia
Transcaucasia
What republics are located in Transcaucasia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
What percent of Russia’s river traffic does the Volga River carry
60%
Where are 2 of the largest lakes located
Central Asia
What are two of the largest seas located in Central Asia
Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
What is the deepest lake in the world
Lake Baikal
What percent of these world’s freshwater does Lake Baikal hold
20%
How many species are unique to Lake Baikal
1200
What resources are abundant in Russia and the republics
Coal
Iron ore
Metals
Natural gas
What percent of the world’s timber resources do Russia and the republics hold
20%
Where are many of the resources unfortunately located
Frigid arctic and subarctic region of Siberia
A region’s distance from the moderating effects of the sea
Continentality
Black topsoil
Chernozem
Who controlled the region of Russia and the republics until the 1500s
The Mongols from Mongolia
Who put an end to the rule of the Mongols in the 1500s
Ivan the Great
Who moved the capital of Russia to become more industrialized
Peter the Great
Where did Peter the Great move the capital of Russia
St. Petersburg
When Russia finally began to industrialize, it resulted in what
Harsh working conditions
Low wages
Other hardships
The Russian people’s anger with the czars resulted in what
The Russian Revolution of 1917
Who took control during the Russian revolution of 1917
The Russian communist government led by V.I.Lenin
What did the communists call their organized imperial kingdom
Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Who installed pro-soviet governments in a Eastern Europe and why
The Russian leader Joseph Stalin because his armies had liberated them from Nazi Germany
What did the tensions between the USA and Soviet Union result in
Cold War
Tensions between who led to the Cold War
USA
Soviet Union
What ended the Cold War
The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
How many regions were Russia and the republics divided into
15
What was the largest and most powerful of the 15 republics
Russia
The communists had been inspired by whom
A German philosopher named Karl Marx
What did Karl Marx believe
That capitalism would fail because it concentrated wealth in the hands of a few and left too many people in poverty
An economy in which the central government makes all the important decisions
Command economy
What are some examples of “important decisions” governments would make in a command economy
What products factories works manufacture
What crops farms would grow
What prices merchants would charge for goods
How many deaths do historians estimate Stalin was responsible for
More than 14 million people
Who are the famous people from chapter 16
Feodor Dostoyevsky (Crime and Punishment writer) Peter Tchaikovsky (composer) Igor Stravinsky (composer)
What is Russia’s national drink
Vodka
