Phy Sci chapter six Flashcards
What are atoms and ions held together by
Chemical bonds
Which one is a compound
- salt
- paint
- soup
- air
Salt
Which model could be used to compare the sizes of atoms in a molecule
Space-filling
There are strong bonds between the atoms in a piece of quartz. These binds give quartz a what
High melting point
The attraction between molecules tends to be ______ than the attraction between ions
Weaker
Which molecules are most strongly attracted to one another
Hydrogen molecules
Sugar has a lower melting point than salt because sugar is made of what
Molecules
A hydrogen bond between water molecules is what when compared with the bonds within an individual water molecule
It is weaker
A compound with only two atoms would not have a what
Bond angle
What model would show the bind angle
Ball-and-stick
Why do atoms sometimes form bonds
To become more stable
What kind of bonds hold together copper atoms
Metallic
Sodium has one electron in its outer shell and chlorine has seven elevators in its outer shell
The atoms will form an _________ bond by _________ their electrons
Ionic
Transferring
Oxygen atoms have six electrons in their outer shells
When two oxygen atoms bond, they will form a _______ bond by _______ their electrons
Covalent
Sharing
Formed by atoms in metals packing elections close together
Metallic bond
Positive and negative ions are formed
Ionic bond
Usually occurs between nonmetals
Covalent bond
Allows copper to bend and conduct electricity
Metallic bond
Creates compounds with very high boiling points
Ionic bond
Creates compounds with low boiling points
Covalent bond
The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together
Chemical bond
The arrangement of atoms in a substance
Chemical structure
The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
Born length
The angle formed by two bonds to the same atoms
Bond angle
What determines the properties of a compound
The chemical structure
Compounds with what kind of structures are strong solids
Network structures
What are some compounds made of
Molecules
Attractions between water molecules
Hydrogen bonds
What are hydrogen bonds not as strong as
The bonds holding oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a molecule
Why do atoms form bonds
So that each atoms has a stable electron configuration
What are the 2 basic kinds of chemical bonding
Ionic
Covalent
How do ionic bonds form
From the attractions between oppositely charged ions
The attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Ionic bonds
The smallest ratio of ions in ionic compounds
Formula unit
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity
When melted or dissolved in water
What do atoms joined by covalent bonds share
Electrons
A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Covalent bond
What kind of atoms do covalent bonds usually form between
Nonmetal
Bonds in which electrons are shared equally
Nonpolar covalent bonds
A bond in which there is an unequal sharing of electrons
Polar covalent bond
What gives metals their distinctive properties
Metals are flexible and conduct electric current well because their atoms and electrons can move freely throughout a metal’s packed structure
A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
Metallic bond
How are polyatomic ions similar to other ions
They act as a single unit in a compound
An ion made of two or more atoms
Polyatomic ion
What ending is used to name an ion with more oxygen atoms
-ate
What ending is used to name an ion with fewer oxygen atoms
-ite
How are ionic compounds named
The names of ionic compounds consisting of the names of the ions that make up the compounds
What do names of cations include
The elements of which they are composed
What are names of anions
Altered names of elements
What must an ionic compound have a total charge of
Zero
What some cation names show
Their charge
What may form several cations - each with a different charge
Transition metals
What does a compound’s empirical formula indicate
The smallest whole-number ratio of atoms that are in a compound
The composition of a compound in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio
Empirical formula
A chemical formula that shows the number and kind of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of atoms
Molecular formula
What can be used to determine empirical formulas
Masses
A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon excluding carbonates and oxides
Organic compound
What do carbon atoms form
Four covalent bonds in organic compounds
A compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds
Alkanes
What are examples of alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Alkanes with the lowest molecular masses are what
What about highest molecular masses
Gases
Solids
What is the number of hydrogen atoms always
Two more than twice the number of carbon atoms, except for cyclic alkenes
Hydrocarbons that have double carbon bonds
Alkenes
What is the simplest alkene
Ethene
What do alcohols have
Hydroxyl, or -OH groups
What two molecules behave similarly
Alcohol and water molecules
A molecule that is a long chain made of smaller molecules
Polymer
What do polymers have that repeat
Subunits
The smaller molecule that makes up the polymer
Monomer
What can be natural or artificial
Polymers
What are some natural polymers
Rubber
Starch
Protein
DNA
what are some artificial polymers
Plastic
Synthetic fibers
What determines a polymer’s elasticity
Structure
What is made of long chains
Polyethene
What is flexible, but not elastic
Polyethene
What are some polymer structures
Linear
Branched
Cross-linked
What organic compounds are essential to life
Biochemicals, which are essential to life, include carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA
