Health Ch8 Flashcards
The chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy
Metabolism
Substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth repair body tissue, and obtain energy
Nutrients
The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in this unit
Calories
Nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Supply energy for your body’s functions
Carbohydrates
Type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants and is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system
Fiber
Nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protects your nerves
Carbohydrates
Have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule
Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
Unsaturated fats
Fats that have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold
Animals fats such as lard and dairy products that can cause heart disease
Saturated fats
A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products
May cause plaque buildup and block blood flow leading to the heart
Cholesterol
made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils to keep foods fresher longer
Trans fat
Serves as a source of energy, most importantly assist in the growth and repair of body tissue
Proteins
Small units that are bound together chemically to form proteins
Amino acids
What are the 6 classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
Which 3 nutrients supply your body with energy
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
What are simple carbohydrates
Also known as simple sugars or fast carbs
The body breaks them down faster and may give you short bursts of energy
What are 3 examples of simple carbohydrates
Fruits
Vegetables
Milk
What are complex carbohydrates
Sugars that are linked together also known as complex sugars or slow carbs
The body breaks them down slower giving you longer lasting energy
What are 3 examples of complex carbohydrates
Rice Cereal Wheat Potatoes Pasta
Why might a high fiber diet be healthful
Helps prevent constipation, may reduce risk of colon cancer, may help prevent heart disease
What are some examples of foods that will provide a good source of fiber
Whole-grains breads and cereals Vegetables Fruits Nuts Beans Seeds
Why might complex carbohydrates be better for you than simple carbohydrates
The excess carbohydrates are stored as fat if all your body’s glycogen-caused by simple carbohydrates-stores are full
What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Why are the 2 types of unsaturated fats important
A balance between mono & poly in the diet is important for cardiovascular health and can help fight heart disease
A nutrient that is made by living things, is required in small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in the body
Vitamin
A vitamin that helps protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer
Antioxidant
A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil; needed by the body in small amounts
Mineral
A condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin
One may feel weak, tired, and may become sick easily
Anemia
The process of maintaining a healthy state inside the body
Homeostasis
A dissolved substance in water that regulates many processes in cells
Electrolytes
A serious reduction in the body’s water content
75% of the brain is made of water
Dehydration
How are vitamins and minerals different
Vitamins are made by living things
Minerals occur naturally in rocks or soil
What role does water play in the body
Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, get rid of waste, and aids in digestion
Essential ingredient in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth
Calcium
Maintains water balance and makes proteins
Helps the functioning of the heart and nervous system
Potassium
Necessary for healthy red blood cells that carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body using hemoglobin and energy metabolism
Iron
Important in the functioning of the heart and water balance
Sodium
How much water should you consume daily if you are female 14 to 18 years old
Ten 8-ounce cups
How much water should you consume daily if you are male 14-18 years old
Fourteen 8-ounce cups
What are the 4 dietary guidelines
Make smart food choices
Balance food and physical activity
Get the most nutrients out of your calories
Handle food safely
