Phy Sci 3RD NINE WEEKS EXAM Flashcards
Solids, liquids, and gases are three forms of matter that
Take up space
Have mass
Are made of atoms
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Atom
How many atoms are there in a single molecule of Fe2O3
5
A not pure substance
Mixture
Is iron an element
Yes
Is salt an element
No
A group of atoms that act as a unit
Compound
What is the chemical compound for table sugar
C12H22O11
What is the chemical compound for water
H2O
What is the chemical compound for rust
Fe2O3
What is the chemical compound for copper
Cu
Diamond is known for its what
Hardness
Why is helium used in balloons
It is lighter than air
What kind of property is reactivity
Chemical
What kind of property is density
Physical
An object’s volume can be found by dividing its mass by its
Density
Is the ability to rust a physical property
No
What property of a substance is not affected by chemical change
Reactivity
What do the different substances in a mixture keep
Their properties
What is one example of a potential sign of chemical change
Change in color
How can chemical changes be reversed
By chemical changes
Can burning cause a chemical change
Yes
Can shattering cause a chemical change
No
Does dissolving salt result in a mixture
Yes
Does baking a cake result in a mixture
No
When does a chemical change occur
When new substances form
What tool is best for separating a mixture of sand and water
Filter
Is evaporating a physical change
Yes
What do chemical changes effect
Physical and chemical properties
What do physical changes effect
Physical properties
The chemical element that is most abundant in the human body
Oxygen
How is a molecule of water (H2O) made
Chemically combining 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
A material that can be represented by a chemical formula
Pure substance
Is evaporation of water a potential sign of chemical change
No
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Atom
Is a mixture a pure substance
No
A group of atoms that acts as a unit
Molecule
Is reactivity a chemical property
Yes
Is density a physical property
Yes
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance
Molecule
What is made up of at least 2 different types of atoms
Compound
Unlike a mixture, a pure substance has
A fixed composition
Stainless steel has chemical properties such as
Resistance to rust
Digesting food is an example of
Chemical change
The science of what matter is made of and how it changes
Chemistry
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Element
Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance …
Reacts with other substances
Is dissolving salt in water a physical or chemical change
Physical
When the identity of a substance is changed
Chemical change
What kind of change can a change in color help you detect
Chemical
What is the formula for mass
Density
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Volume
What is the formula for density
Mass
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Volume
What is the formula for volume
Mass
–––––––
Density
What does the kinetic theory of matter state about matter
The atoms and molecules of a substance are always in motion
The higher the temperature of a substance, the faster it’s particles move
More massive particles move slower than less massive ones
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Thermal energy
All matter is made of atoms and molecules that are
Always in motion
What is matter made of
Atoms and molecules that are always in motion
The particles can slide past each other, but are still packed together
Liquid
The particles have broken down and become ionized
Plasma
The particles are in a rigid, fixed structured
Solid
The particles are in constant motion and rarely stick together
Gas
The process of a solid changing directly into a gas
Sublimation
What does the law of conservation of mass state
Total mass stays the same in changes of state
What does the law of conservation of energy state
A substance has the same energy before and after a change of state
What happens to energy when ice melts to form liquid
It is released
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
Freezing point
Why does the engine of a car left running for a long period of time become hot
Energy is transformed from burning gasoline
Why does a substance change from a liquid to a gas during evaporation
Energy is released
What happens to the particles of a substance when it condenses
They slow down and clump together
Who described the notion that an object floats if the buoyant force on the object is equal to the object’s weight
Archimedes
When does an object float
If the buoyant force on the object is equal to the object’s wright
What is the ability of an object to float on a fluid influenced by
Buoyant force of a fluid
Density of the object
Density of the fluid
What does Pascal’s principle state
A contained fluid exerts pressure equally in all directions
What is the calculation for pressure
Force
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Area the force is exerted
A measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid
Viscosity
What influences the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe
Flow rate of the fluid
Viscosity of the fluid
Cross-sectional area of the pipe
What happens to speed as the pressure of a moving liquid increases
It decreases
Who’s principle describes the property of a fluid in motion
Bernoulli
What does Bernoulli’s principal describe
The property of a fluid in motion
Upward force exerted on an object immersed tp floating on a liquid
Buoyant force
Measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in the object
Temperature
What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance
Size of the atoms and molecules
Temperature of the substance
The change of state from a liquid to a gas
Evaporation
The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be
Created or destroyed
Why does ice float in water
It is less dense than water
Gay-Lussac’s law relates what
The temperature of a gas to its pressure
Whose law relates the temperature of a gas to its pressure
Gay-Lussac’s
What happens to the pressure of a fixed amount of gas as it’s temperature decreases
It decreases
As the volume of a fixed amount of gas decreases, what happens to its pressure
Increases
Force
––––– is the calculation for what
Area
Preside
Whose principle describes the property of a fluid in motion
Bernoulli
As the temperature of a gas at constant volume decreases, what happens to its pressure
It decreases
Why are gases unique in comparison to solids and liquids
They are easily compressible
As the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature decreases, what happens to its volume
It increases
What law is illustrated by the equation P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s law
What equation illustrates Boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
Why does the volume of a has decrease when the pressure increases
Gas particles are pushed together when the pressure is increased
What about plasma is unlike gas
It conducts electric current
What two things does Charles’s law relate
The volume of a gas to its temperature
Whose law relates the volume of a gas to its temperature
Charles
When a fixed sample of gas increases in temperature, what happens to its pressure
It increases
What does the kinetic theory help explain the difference between
States of matter
A gas becomes a liquid through a process called
Condensation
Boyle’s law relates what two things
Volume of a gas to pressure
Who’s law relates the volume of a gas to its pressure
Boyle’s
When a fixed sample of has increases in volume, it must also do what
Decrease in pressure
Why was Democritus’s original atomic theory revised
It didn’t have a scientific basis
What does Dalton’s atomic theory state
Atoms cannot be divided
Atoms of an element are alike
Atoms of different elements form compounds
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Electron
Who determined that atoms could be divided
Thomson
What experiment did Thomson use
Cathode-ray
What is Thomson responsible for discovering
That atoms have electrons
What kind of charge do neutrons have
Neutral / none
What is an atom’s nucleus made of
Protons
Neutrons
In whose model do negative electrons orbit a positively charged nucleus
Rutherford
Whose model determined that an atom’s positive charge is concentrated in the atom’s center
Rutherford
What is Avogadro’s number useful for
Counting atoms
What is the charge of an atom
Neutral
How much effect do commonly found isotopes have on the average atomic mass of an element
More than rarely found isotopes
What is an element’s atomic number equal to
It’s number of protons
Two different isotopes of an element have different what
Number of neutrons
What is the mass number of an element that has 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 20 neutrons
39
How many electrons can fit in the first level
2
How many electrons can fit in the second level
8
How many electrons can fit in the third level
18
How many electrons can fit in the fourth level
32
After the fourth level, how many electrons can fit in each level
32
A sodium atom, which has 11 electrons, has how many valence electrons
1
What does Bohr’s model state that is unlike the modern model of the atom
Electrons move in set paths around the nucleus of an atom
What are the four types of orbitals
s
d
p
f
When does an electron jump to a new energy level
When the atom gains or loses energy
The number of energy levels filled in an atom is determined by what
Electrons
How many electrons can each orbital hold up to
2
What determines the number of electrons each level can hold
Orbitals
Found in the outer energy level of an atom
Valence electron
Where electrons are likely to be found in an atom
Orbital
Unit or quantum of light
Photon
What happens to an electron when it gains energy
Excited state
Why was Dalton’s atomic theory accepted
There was evidence to support it
Why do atoms have no electric charge
They have an equal number of protons and electrons
According to the new model of the atom, what do electrons behave like
Waves on a vibrating string
It is nearly impossible to determine an electron’s what
Exact position
Valence electrons determine an atom’s what
Chemical properties
A mole is an SI base unit that describes what
Volume of a substance
If the atomic mass of carbon is 12u, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of what
12g
Who’s original atomic theory revised because it didn’t have a scientific basis
It didn’t have a scientific basis
What did Thomson determine about atoms
That they could be divided
How much effect do commonly found isotopes have on the average atomic mass of an element
More than rarely found isotopes
An element’s atomic number is equal to its number of
Protons
An element’s atomic number is equal to its number of
Protons
According to Rutherford’s model of the atom, electrons behave like what
Planets orbiting the sun
According to Rutherford’s model of the atom, electrons behave like what
Planets orbiting the sun
According to Bohr’s theory, an electron’s path around the nucleus defines its what
Energy level
According to Bohr’s theory, an electron’s path around the nucleus defines its what
Energy level
A unified atomic mass unit is equal to
One-twelfth her mass of a carbon-12 atom
A unified atomic mass unit is equal to
One-twelfth her mass of a carbon-12 atom
Molar mass is defined as what
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
Molar mass is defined as what
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
