Phy Sci chapter three notes Flashcards
What has to be divided in the formula to get pressure
Force and area
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
Pressure
The SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1N exerted over an area of 1m
Pascal
The upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid
Buoyant force
What principle is used to find buoyant force
Archimedes
What does Pascal’s principle state
if the pressure in a container is increased at any point, the pressure increases at all points by the same amount
What is based on Pascal’s principle
Hydraulic devices
What does viscosity depend on
Particle attraction
What is the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
Viscosity
What makes up matter
Atoms and molecules that are always in motion
What is the relationship between temperature of a substance and the particles in that substance
The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move
A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid
Fluid
A state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons
Plasma
The capacity to do work
Energy
What is the measure of average kinetic energy
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Temperature
The total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
Thermal energy
What happens when a substance changes from one state of matter to another?
The identity of a substance does not change during a change of state
The energy of a substance does change
What changes of state require energy
Melting
Evaporation
Sublimation
What changes of state release energy
Freezing
Condensation
What happens to mass no energy during physical and chemical changes
Mass and energy are both conserved
Neither mass nor energy can be created or destroyed
What is the law of conservation of mass
In chemical changes, as well as in physical changes, the total mass of the substances undergoing the change stays the same before and after the change
What is the law of conservation of energy
Energy may be changed to another form during a physical others chemical change, but the total amount of energy present before and after the change is the same
What are some properties of gases
Gases expand to fill their containers
They spread out easily and mix with one another
They have low densities and are compressible
They are mostly empty space, unlike solids and liquids
Gases exert pressure on their containers
The laws that state the mathematical relationship between the volume, pressure, temperature, and quantity of a gas
Gas laws
What 2 things does Boyle’s law relate
Pressure of a gas to its volume
What is Boyle’s law?
The volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases and vice versa
What is the formula for Boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
What two things does Gay-Lussac’s law relate
Gas pressure to temperature
What is Gay-Lussac’s law
The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases and vice versa
What 2 things does Charles’s law relate
Temperature to volume
What is Charles’s law
The volume of the gas increases and the gas’s temperature increases and vice versa
