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Flashcardlet > Health FINAL EXAM!!! > Flashcards

Health FINAL EXAM!!! Flashcards

0
Q

The chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy

A

Metabolism

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1
Q

Substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissue, and obtain energy

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in this unit

A

Calories

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3
Q

Nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Supply energy for your body’s functions

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants and is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system

A

Fiber

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5
Q

Nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves

A

Fats

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6
Q

Have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule
Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds

A

Unsaturated fats

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7
Q

Fats that have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold

Animal fats such as lard and dairy products that can cause heart disease

A

Saturated fats

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8
Q

A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products
May cause plaque to buildup and block blood flow leading to the heart

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils to keep foods fresher longer

A

Trans fat

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10
Q

Serves as a source of energy, most importantly assist in the growth and repair of body tissues

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Small units that are bound together chemically to form proteins

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What are the 6 classes of nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates 
Fats
Proteins 
Vitamins 
Minerals 
Water
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13
Q

Which 3 nutrients supply your body with energy

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

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14
Q

What are simple carbohydrates

A

Also known as simple sugars or fast carbs

The body breaks them down faster and may give you short bursts of energy

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15
Q

What are 3 examples of simple carbohydrates

A

Fruits
Vegetables
Milk

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16
Q

What are complex carbohydrates

A

Sugars that are linked together also known as complex sugars or slow carbs
They body breaks them down slower giving you longer lasting energy

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17
Q

What are 3 examples of complex carbohydrates

A 
Rice 
Cereal 
Wheat 
Potatoes 
Pasta
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18
Q

Why might a high fiber diet be healthful

A

Helps prevent constipation, may reduce risk of colon cancer, may help prevent heart disease

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19
Q

What are some examples of foods that will provide a good source of fiber

A 
Whole-grain breads/cereals 
Vegetables 
Fruits 
Nuts 
Beans 
Seeds
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20
Q

Why might complex carbohydrates be better for you than simple carbohydrates

A

The excess carbohydrates are stored as fat if all your body’s glycogen (filled up by simple carbohydrates) are full

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats

Why are they important

A

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

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22
Q

A nutrient that is made by living things, is required in small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in the body

A

Vitamin

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23
Q

A vitamin that helps protect heathy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer

A

Antioxidant

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24
Q

A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil

Needed by the body in small amounts

A

Mineral

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25
Q

A condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin
One may feel weak, tired, and may become sick easily

A

Anemia

26
Q

The process of maintaining a steady state inside the body

A

Homeostasis

27
Q

A dissolved substance in water that regulates many processes in cells

A

Electrolyte

28
Q

A serious reduction in the body’s water content

75% of the brain is made of water

A

Dehydration

29
Q

How are vitamins and minerals different

A

Vitamins are made by living things

Minerals occur naturally in rocks and soil

30
Q

What role does water play in the body

A

Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, gets rid of waste, and aids in digestion

31
Q

Important in blood clotting and the functioning of your nervous system and muscles
Essential ingredient in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth

A

Calcium

32
Q

Maintains water balance in the body and makes proteins

Helps in the functioning of the heart and nervous system

A

Potassium

33
Q

Necessary for healthy red blood cells that carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body using hemoglobin and energy metabolism

A

Iron

34
Q

Important in the functioning of the heart and water balance

A

Sodium

35
Q

How much water should a female 14-18 years old consume daily

A

Ten 8-ounce cups

36
Q

How much water should a male 14-18 years old consume daily

A

Fourteen 8-ounce cups

37
Q

What are the 4 dietary guidelines

A

Make smart food choices
Balance food and physical activity
Get the most nutrition out of your calories
Handle food safely

38
Q

Any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual contact

A

Sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD)

39
Q

What are some harmful effects of STIs

A 
Pain 
Discomfort 
Embarrassment 
Infertility 
Cancers
40
Q

List the 3 risky behaviors that contribute to the current STI epidemic

A

Ignoring risks
Multiple partners
Not seeking treatment

41
Q

What are 3 ways to avoid STIs

A

Practice abstinence
Avoid drugs
Choose responsible friends

42
Q

Inflammation in the lining of the urethra

A

Urethritis

43
Q

A vaginal infection or irritation

A

Vaginitis

44
Q

A serious infection in the female reproductive organs that can lead to infertility or an ectopic pregnancy
A potentially fatal condition where a fertilized effect implants somewhere other than the uterus

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

45
Q

A STI caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina
Symptoms for males — painful urination, clear discharge, itching
Symptoms for females — itching/burning, yellowish discharge, pain when urinating, bad smell

A

Trichomoniasis

46
Q

A very common viral sexually transmitted infection
One of the most serious conditions associated with this is cervical cancer
Symptoms —genital warts, cervical cancer in women

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

47
Q 
A very common viral STI caused by bacteria 
#1 most common STI in the United States 
Symptoms for males — painful, frequent urination, and discharge, can lead to urethritis 
Symptoms for females — yellowish discharge, can lead to PID
A

Chlamydia

48
Q

STI that attacks the liver
Also spread by blood-to-blood contact
Symptoms — nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, can lead to liver cancer it cirrhosis

A

Hepatitis

49
Q

Condition which normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue

A

Cirrhosis

50
Q

A bacterial STI that infects the unitary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females
If left untreated it can lead to urethritis, PID, and infertility
Symptoms — puslike discharge and painful urination

A

Gonorrhea

51
Q

A viral STI caused by herpes simplex virus; may have no noticeable symptoms; there is no cure
Symptoms — painful blisters that appear around the genitals

A

Genital herpes

52
Q

Serious bacterial STI that progressed through 3 stages
Eventually may cause brain damage, paralysis, and heart disease
Pregnant women will pass it on to the baby
Symptoms — sores in mouth, flulike symptoms, nonitchy skin rash, brain damage, paralysis, heart disease

A

Syphilis

53
Q

Which STIs can be treated but not cured

A

HPV
Hepatitis B and C
Genital herpes

54
Q

Which STIs can be cured

A 
Chlamydia 
Trichomoniasis 
Bacterial vaginitis 
Pubic lice
Scabies 
Syphilis 
Gonorrhea
55
Q

The most serious incurable STI that can lead to AIDS

Attacks specific cells of the immune system disabling the body’s defense against other pathogens

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

56
Q

Often a fatal disease of the immune system
The body’s ability to fight diseases has been weekend by HIV
The infected person is more likely to get infections that a healthy person’s immune system could easily fight off

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

57
Q

What are the three stages of syphilis

A

1st :: painless sore called a chancre that can spread to different parts if the body

2nd :: sores in the mouth and flulike symptoms. Nonitchy rash can appear on the hands and feet

3rd :: bacteria may attack internal parts of the body

58
Q

What are the 3 stages of AIDS

A

Asymptomatic stage
Symptomatic stage
AIDS

59
Q

what is the asymptomatic stage

A

The infected person may experience flu-like symptoms, which usually go away after a few weeks
The person will show no outward signs of HIV but can still infect others

60
Q

The infections that attack a person with a weakened immune system

A

Opportunistic infection

61
Q

What is the symptomatic stage

A

Infected person beings to experience symptoms; symptoms include weight loss, persistent fever, diarrhea, or fungal infections
Symptoms may not appear until 7-10 years

62
Q

What are 4 ways HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person

A

Unprotected sexual contact and bodily fluids
Shared needles
Contact with blood
Mother to baby; pregnancy, birth, breast feeding

63
Q

List the 5 ways the book suggests you can prevent HIV

A 
Practice abstinence
Avoid drugs and needles 
Avoid contact with blood or body fluids 
Sexual fidelity in marriage 
Barrier protection

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