Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
When to seek urgent care for a child fever?
What is apgar scoring?
What standard medications are given at birth?
< 3 months old is temp of 100.4. Age 3-6 months is 101 F. Age > 6 months is 103 F. All rectal. Household spoons should not be used for measuring medication.
1 minute and 5 minutes from birth. Measures performance in 5 categories ( hr, respiratory effort, color, muscle tone, and reflex irritability), health infant is 7-10, lower score requires more medical care.
Vitamin K to prevent bleeding,light therapy for jaundice.
How do you treat patent ductus arteriosus?
What is RDS and how do you treat it?
How do you treat bacterial meningitis in young children?
NSAIDS (IV indomethacin), help PDA to close.
Respiratory distress syndrome caused by deficiency of a surfactant. Most babies <35 weeks will receive a surfactant, recognized by either surf or actant in the name.
ampicillin plus cefotaxime or gentamicin. Ceftriaxone CAN’T be used due to kernicterus. Ceftriaxone and calcium containing solutions can precipitate.
How do you treat RSV?
Who should receive Palivizumab (synagis)?
Cause of bronchiolitis (swelling and mucus) build up. Primarily supportive care, inhaled ribavirin (virazole). Palivizumab (synagis) can help prevent it. RSV season and premature infants, select medical conditions can get the prophylaxis. Synagis. Dose monthly, IM in the anterolateral thigh, no more than 5 doses during the season.
Premature infants <29 weeks, Premature infants <32 weeks with chronic lung disease. Infants <12 months with certain heart conditions.
What is croup?
How do you treat croup?
How do you treat nocturnal enuresis?
viral inflammation of the upper airway, high pitched breathing sound,(inspiratory stridor), barking cough, and hoarseness.
Systemic steroids (usually dexamethasone), nebulized racemic epinephrine (L-isomer is the active component) epinephrine is an adrenergic agonist that causes bronchodilation.
Bed wetting. positive reinforcement, normal hydration patterns, alarm therapy, alarm therapy with drug treatment. Preferred medication is Desmopressin (oral tablet). Synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone. Dosed QHS, CI’d in hyponatremia.
How do you treat intestinal gas in infants?
How do you treat nasal congestion in <12 months?
How do you treat mild pain and fever in <12 months old?
Simethicone drops.
Humidifier, suction with saline drops or spray, OTC cough and cold should NOT be used in age <2 years.
Do NOT use salicylate products due to Reye’s syndrome when recovering from Viral infections not recommended in anyone <16 years. Acetaminophen drops and suspension are the same concentration. Avoid ibuprofen in <6 months due to nephrotoxicity, ibuprofen has different dosage strengths so watch out.
How do you treat constipation in kids?
How do you dose acetaminophen and ibuprofen in kids?
What drugs do you avoid in pediatrics?
PEG 3350 (miralax) for intermittent constipation. Can also give prunes, OTC pediatric-size glycerin suppositories are quick relief.
10-15 mg/kg/dose q 4-6 h acetaminophen, 5-10 mg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours.
Codeine <12, Tramadol <12, Promethazine <2, Ceftriaxone in neonates (1-28 days). Quinolones, Tetracyclines (<8), OTC teething medication with benzocaine <2. OCT cough and cold <6.
What is the notable exception with tetracyclines in kids?
What drugs often cause accidental overdose in children?
What does measles look like in a kid?
When treating tick-borne rickettsial disease (rocky mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis. Doxycycline is the most effective treatment.
Iron and acetaminophen.
white spots inside of cheeks(koplik spots), maculopapular rash, transmission is airborne.
