P6 PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

Example of surgery that requires antimicrobial prophylaxis

Answer 1

colorectal surgery , prosthetic surgery

Question 2

Factors determining the used drug

Answer 2

• nature of the procedure
• any previous allergic reactions
• kidney function in the patient
• local anti-microbial resistance

Question 3

Classifications of anti-microbial drugs

Answer 3

bactericidal & bacetriostatic

Question 4

Preferred type of anti-microbial drugs

Answer 4

bactericidal

Question 5

when will you give the anti-microbial drug before surgery

Answer 5

30-60 min before skin incision

Question 6

will you administer antimicrobial prophylaxis post-operatively

Answer 6

depending on the duration of surgery & amount of blood loss

Question 7

drugs used as surgical anti-microbial prophylaxis

Answer 7

first generation cephalosporins

Question 8

Cephalosporins belongs to

Answer 8

beta-lactam superfamily of drugs

Question 9

what other drugs that belongs to beta-lactam superfamily

Answer 9

Penicillin , cabapenem , monobactam

Question 10

source of penicillin

Answer 10

fungus ( penicillium notatum)

Question 11

source of cephalosporins

Answer 11

Fungus ( cephalosporium acrimonioum )

Question 12

MOA of cephalosporins

Answer 12

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 13

first generation of cephalosporins

Answer 13

cefazolin , cefadroxil , cephalexin , cephalothin , cephradin

Question 14

third generation of cephalosporins ends with

Answer 14

one/ten/ime

Question 15

Fourth generation of cephalosporins end with

Answer 15

pi

Question 16

fifth generation of cephalosporins ends with

Answer 16

rol

Question 17

when you don’t observe any of the known mnemonic , it is the

Answer 17

2nd generation

Question 18

Exceptional drug in the 2nd generation that ends with ime is

Answer 18

cefuroxime

Question 19

the generation that has the least gram + activity

Answer 19

5th

Question 20

the generation with the least gram - activity

Answer 20

1st

Question 21

Maximum gram - antimicrobial activity is achieved by

Answer 21

5th

Question 22

Maximum gram + antimicrobial activity is achieved by

Answer 22

1st

Question 23

Cephalosporins that have anti-anaerobic activity

Answer 23

cefotetan & cefoxitin

Question 24

Cephalosporins that have anti-pseudomonal activity

Answer 24

ceftazidime & cefepime & cefpirome

Question 25

Cephalosporins that have activity against MRSA

Answer 25

5th generation

Question 26

route of administration for 1st & 2nd generations

Answer 26

oral

Question 27

route of administration for 3rd & 4th & 5th generations

Answer 27

Intravenous

Question 28

Generations that can cross BBB

Answer 28

3rd & 4th & 5th

Question 29

only cephalosporin that is not eliminated by kidneys

Answer 29

ceftriaxone

Question 30

Indications to use ceftriaxone

Answer 30

Gallbladder infections / biliary tract infections Cholecystitis

Question 30

Indications to use ceftriaxone

Answer 30

Gallbladder infections / biliary tract infections Cholecystitis

Question 31

ADR of ceftriaxone

Answer 31

Increases the formation of mud/sludge like bile Increased gallstones risk

Question 32

ADR of cephalosporins

Answer 32

Allergic reaction

Question 33

Contraindications to administer cephalosporins

Answer 33

Previous history of allergy to beta-lactam antimicrobials

Question 34

indication for 1st generation

Answer 34

skin 7 soft tissue infection Surgical anti-microbial prophylaxis

Question 35

indications for 2nd generation

Answer 35

upper respiratory infections

Question 36

Indications for 3rd generation

Answer 36

Meningitis , encephalitis , cholecystitis

Question 37

indications for 4th generation

Answer 37

anti-pseudomonal / hospital acquired infections

Question 38

Indications for 5th generation

Answer 38

anti-MRSA

Question 39

beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 39

sulbactam ,clavulanic acid , tazobactam , avibactam