P4 PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Contractions that are stimulated by distension of small intestine

Answer 1

Segmentation

Question 2

Electrical wave rhythm in duodenum

Answer 2

12/min

Question 3

Electrical wave rhythm in ilium

Answer 3

8-9/min

Question 4

for segmentation contractions to be strong they need inputs from

Answer 4

enteric nervous system
vagal inputs

Question 5

why food stays for 3-4 hours before passes to ileocecal valve

Answer 5

Peristaltic movement gets slower
from 5-2cm/min to 1cm/min

Question 6

Propulsive movement is increased by

Answer 6

gastroenteric reflex

Question 7

Propulsive movement is enhanced by

Answer 7

gastrin & CCK & insulin & motilin
serotonin

Question 8

Propulsive movement is inhibited by

Answer 8

secretin & glucagon

Question 9

weak, repetitive peristaltic waves moves a short distance before dying out are known as

Answer 9

migrating motility complex

Question 10

Hormone regulating migrating motility complex

Answer 10

motilin

Question 11

glands that secret alkaline mucus

Answer 11

brunner’s glands

Question 12

hormone that can cause brunner’s glands secretions

Answer 12

secretin

Question 13

Stimulators of brunner’s gland

Answer 13

tactile stimuli of overlying mucosa
vagal stimulation
GI hormones : secretin

Question 14

brunner’s gland are inhibited by

Answer 14

Sympathetic stimulation

Question 15

cells that secret large alkaline watery secretions

Answer 15

enterocytes

Question 16

hormones secreted by intestines

Answer 16

Enterokinase
Disaccharides
aminopeptidases
Intestinal lipase

Question 17

Enzymatic digestion occurs at

Answer 17

surface

Question 18

pancreatic enzymes are stimulated by

Answer 18

CCK

Question 19

what cells secrete digestive pancreatic enzymes

Answer 19

acinar cells

Question 20

what cells secrete aqueous alkaline solution

Answer 20

Duct cells

Question 21

duct cells are stimulated by

Answer 21

secretin

Question 22

aqueous alkaline solution is rich in what base

Answer 22

sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

Question 23

NaHCO3 helps in

Answer 23

optimal function of pancreatic enzymes
prevent acid damage to duodenal mucosa

Question 24

mention the 3 pancreatic enzymes

Answer 24

1- proteolytic enzymes
2- pancreatic amylase
3- pancreatic lipase

Question 25

proteolytic enzymes are secreted in active or inactive form

Answer 25

Inactive form

Question 26

proteolytic enzymes are secreted along with

Answer 26

trypsin inhibitor

Question 27

Pancreatic amylase is secreted in what form

Answer 27

active form

Question 28

Pancreatic amylase digest polysaccharides into

Answer 28

Disaccharide maltose

Question 29

the only fat digesting enzyme

Answer 29

Pancreatic lipase

Question 30

Pancreatic lipase is secreted in what from

Answer 30

active form

Question 31

Pancreatic lipase digest triglycerides into

Answer 31

monoglycerides and free fatty acids

Question 32

acinar cells stimulators

Answer 32

Ach gastrin CCK

Question 33

most absorption occurs in which part pf small intestines

Answer 33

Duodenum and jejunum

Question 34

Adaptions that increases small intestines surface area

Answer 34

villi , microvilli , cicular folds / kerckring folds

Question 35

water is absorbed by what mechanism

Answer 35

Diffusion

Question 36

sodium is absorbed by what mechanism

Answer 36

active transport

Question 37

Chloride ions is absorbed by what mechanism

Answer 37

chloride bicarbonate exchanger

Question 38

calcium absorption requires

Answer 38

Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone

Question 39

carbs are absorbed as

Answer 39

Monosaccharides

Question 40

glucose & galactose is transported by

Answer 40

Sodium co-transport mechanism

Question 41

fructose is transported by

Answer 41

Facilitated diffusion

Question 42

Proteins get absorbed as

Answer 42

dipeptides , tripeptides , amino acids