P4 CLINICAL

Question 1

causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 1

Gallstones , alcohol abuse
Endoscopic retrograd Ceholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 2

what drugs can cause acute pancreatitis

Answer 2

Corticosteroids , antibiotics

Question 3

what gender is affected more with acute pancreatitis

Answer 3

males

Question 4

Aetiology of acute pancreatitis in males

Answer 4

more often alcohol

Question 5

Aetiology of acute pancreatitis in females

Answer 5

more often biliary tract disease

Question 6

Characteristics of mild acute pancreatitis

Answer 6

Absence of organ failure
local, systemic complications

Question 7

Characteristics of moderately severe acute pancreatitis

Answer 7

transient organ failure
and/or local or systemic complications

Question 8

Characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis

Answer 8

Persistent organ failure

Question 9

Clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis

Answer 9

dull , constant pain
nausea , vomiting

Question 10

what is cullen sign

Answer 10

bluish discolouration around ubmilicus from hemoperitoneum

Question 11

what is grey-turner sign

Answer 11

Reddish -brown discolouration along the flanks from retroperitoneal blood

Question 12

cause of Erythematous skin nodules

Answer 12

focal subcutaneous fat necrosis

Question 13

Abdominal and chest X-ray findings

Answer 13

pleural effusion , basal atelectasis , pulmonary infiltrates

Question 14

abdominal ultara-sound findings

Answer 14

Pancreas appears diffusely enlarged to and hypoechoic
might visualise gallstones

Question 15

abdominal CT findings

Answer 15

Pancreatic necrosis and local complications

Question 16

Systemic complications pf acute pancreatitis

Answer 16

organ failure , shock , renal failure , pleural effusion , ARDS

Question 17

Management of mild acute pancreatitis

Answer 17

NPO , IV fluids , analgesics

Question 18

serum amylase and lipase levels in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 18

normal

Question 19

abdominal radiography and CT findings in chronic pancreatitis

Answer 19

Inflammation / calcium deposits
pancreatic calcifications

Question 20

name the procedure in which you get the most accurate visualisation of pancreatic ductal system

Answer 20

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatoghraphy / ERCP

Question 21

Complications of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 21

pseudocyst , obstruction of duodenum , pancreatic ascites
splenic vein thrombosis , portal hypertension

Question 22

Management of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 22

treat underlying cause
treat pancreatic insufficiency
pain relief , pancreatic enzyme supplement