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UNIT 5 GI > P4 BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

P4 BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

Direct evaluation of pancreatic fluid measures

A

Fluid volume
Concentration of enzymes & HCO3

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2
Q

Your investigations for malabsorption

A

Microscopic stool examination for fat , starch , meat fiber, D-xylose

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3
Q

Your investigations for acute pancreatitis

A

Measurement of lipase & amylase

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4
Q

Your investigations for endocrine function

A

Measure insulin , glucagon , blood glucose

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5
Q

Your investigations for exocrine function

A

Measure trypsin , chymotrypsin

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6
Q

types of exocrine pancreatic function test

A

Direct , indirect

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7
Q

Indirect test is done on

A

stool , urine , breath test

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8
Q

stool test is to detect

A

fat , nitrogen
stool trypsin & chymotrypsin
elastase-1

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9
Q

Sensitivity of Elastase -1

A

100%

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10
Q

Specificity of elastase -1

A

96%

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11
Q

test of urine is done to detect

A

bentiromide
pancreolauryl-fluoresceine
trypsinogen-2

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12
Q

bentiromide is attached to

A

PABA

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13
Q

lower levels of elastase-1 indicates

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

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14
Q

Advantages of elastase-1 test

A

not affected by pancreatic enzymes replacement
only 1 stool sample

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15
Q

triolein is labelled with

A

C14

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16
Q

triolein test is done to investigate

A

Absorption of fat

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17
Q

low levels of CO2 in triolein breath test indicates

A

Inadequate pancreatic lipase

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18
Q

bentiromide is a

A

peptide

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19
Q

bentiromide gets broken down into

A

4-aminobenzoic acid

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20
Q

4 aminobenzoic acid will be excreted in

A

urine

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21
Q

Process of breaking bentiromide to aminobenzoic acid is done by

A

chymotrypsin

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22
Q

this test is no longer used in US , Canada due to

A

side effects : diarrhea , headache , gas , nausea , vomiting , weakness

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23
Q

name the test in which you detect cholesterol ester hydrolase in pancreatic juice

A

pancreolauryl-fluorescein dilaurate test

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24
Q

florescein is excreted in

A

urine

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25
if the ratio is less than 20% is considered
abnormal , less amount of cholesterol ester hydrolase
26
Glycoprotein that binds strongly with vitamin B12
R factor / haptocorin
27
R factor / haptocorin is produced by what glands
Salivary glands
28
R factor binding to B12 helps in
Protecting B12 from acidic environment of stomach
29
schilling test is done to
Determine how well the patient absorbs B12 from their intestinal tract
30
Cystic fibrosis can be diagnosed by measuring
sweat sodium and chloride
31
Mechanism of collecting sweat
Electrodes on forearm , administering pilocarpine
32
Patients with CF sodium and chloride concentration will be
2-5 folds increase
33
Maximum increase in regular adults chloride and sodium levels
80mmol/L
34
Disadvantage of sweat test
it doesn’t distinguish between CF carriers from affected patients
35
sources of fat in feces
Dietary Excreted from bile shedded cells Intestinal bacteria
36
types of fat present in feces
free fatty acids sterol triacylglycerides
37
Maximum amount of fat excreted in feces
7 g/day
38
incase of steatorrhea it can indicate
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency small intestine disease biliary obstruction
39
fat soluble stains
sudan 3 or 4 oil red O or nile blue sulfate
40
upon adding sudan 3 to TAG it will stain
Yellow to red
41
before staining free fatty acids you need to
heat it in the presence of 36% acetic acid
42
Requirements for detection of undigested meat fibers
10% alcohol , eosin stain
43
increased fats % meat fibers in stools indicates
Pancreatic steatorrhea
44
mention the 2 techniques for fecal fat analysis
1- gravimetric method 2- titration method
45
steps of gravimetric method of sobel
Emulsification of stool with water Acidification extraction of lipids
46
extraction of lipids is done with
ether * ethanol
47
results of fecal fat analysis is expressed as
g of fecal fat / 24 h
48
in titration method fatty acids are titrated with
Standardised KOH
49
why is the results of titration always 20% lower than gravimetric method
is only measures saponifiable fatty acids
50
Direct / invasive test
Sec/CCK test
51
in Sec/CCK test , the patient will get an IV of
secretin followed by CCK
52
Secretin /CCK test is done to determine
Volume , flow rate , pH , bicarbonate , enzymes activity
53
low flow & increased enzymes indicates
Pancreatic obstruction
54
Decreased HCO3 & enzymes indicates
cystic fibrosis , chronic pancreatitis
55
enzyme that is useful in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
serum amylase
56
normal values of serum amylase
less than 3.1%
57
Average values in acute pancreatitis
8 - 10 %
58
Increased serum amylase with normal urine amylase indicates
macroamylasemia
59
macroamylasemia is due to
binding of amylase to globulins thus not excreted in urine
60
Enzyme that is useful for detection of pancreatic necrosis / pancreatitis
lipase
61
both lipase & amylase might be increased in
Pancreatic cancer / trauma Intestinal obstruction / perforation
62
Amylase level increases in
Cirrhosis , cholecystitis , mumps , hepatitis
63
lipase levels increases in
bone fractures , fat embolism

UNIT 5 GI (34 decks)

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