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UNIT 5 GI > P3 BIOCHEMISTRY LAB > Flashcards

P3 BIOCHEMISTRY LAB Flashcards

1
Q

which Enzymes leakage detected in blood tests indicates abnormalities

A

1-aminotransferases
2-alkaline phosphatase
3-gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

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2
Q

Clinical biomarker for haptobilliary excretory function

A

bile pigments ( bilirubin )

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3
Q

Bilirubin is made of

A

breakdown of Haemoglobin

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4
Q

fate of globin in hemeprotein catabolism

A

degraded into free amino acids

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5
Q

old RBCs are degraded by

A

reticuloendothelial system (RES)

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6
Q

RBCs get degraded in the

A

liver & spleen

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7
Q

RBCs get degraded into

A

globins &heme

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8
Q

free heme transporter

A

hemopexin

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9
Q

hemopexin transports free heme to the

A

liver

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10
Q

free haemoglobin binds to

A

hepatoglobin

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11
Q

hepatoglobin will breakdown hemoglobin into

A

heme & globin

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12
Q

sources of heme in hemeprotein catabolism

A

1-myoglobin
2-free haemoglobin
3-old RBCs

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13
Q

heme will be converted to

A

iron (Fe)
Bilirubin

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14
Q

green pigment of heme

A

biliverdin

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15
Q

Enzyme that converts heme into biliverdin

A

heme oxygnase

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16
Q

Yellow pigment of biliverdin

A

Bilirubin

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17
Q

Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by

A

Biliverdin reductase

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18
Q

Bilirubin will form complex with

A

albumin

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19
Q

in the liver , bilirubin will be conjugated with

A

UDP-glucuronic acid

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20
Q

the reaction of conjugation will yield

A

Bilirubin diglucouronide

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21
Q

the process of conjugation is catalysed by

A

Bilirubin glucouronyl-trnasferase

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22
Q

next location for the conjugated bilirubin form the liver to

A

small intestine

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23
Q

in the intestine , bilirubin will get deconjugated by

A

Bacterial flora of the intestine

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24
Q

deconjugation is done by

A

deconjugation hydrolyse

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25
product of deconjugation is
Urobilinogen
26
90% of urobilinogen will get converted to
Stercobilin
27
10% of urobilinogen will get converted into
urobilin
28
sterocobilin color is
deep red-brown
29
urobilin color is
Yellow
30
stercobilin location
large intestine
31
urobilin location
Kidneys
32
stercobilin will be excreted in
feces
33
Urobilin will be excreted in
urine
34
in intestinal lumen , conjugated gets deconjugated by
Bacterial beta - glucuronidase
35
free bilirubin gets broken down into
urobilinogen
36
free bilirubin gets converted into urobilinogen by
Bacterial dehydrogenases
37
clinical condition in which the patient’s sclera&skin becomes yellow
Jaundice
38
Biochemical findings of high levels of bilirubin
hyperbilirubinemia
39
Symptoms of jaundice
Yellowing of white sclera Yellowing of the skin dark urine
40
Jaundice is seen when levels of bilirubin are
more than 51 micro mol/L
41
normal bilirubin levels
less than 25 micro mol /L
42
Premature babies bilirubin levels
205 to 274
43
types of jaundice
1- prehepatic 2- intrahepatic 3- post-hepatic
44
post hepatic jaundice is due to
Obstruction of biliary tree
45
types of hyoerbilirubinemia
1- conjugated 2- unconjugated
46
unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is due to
unbalance between synthesis & catabolism of bilirubin
47
unconjuagated hyperbilirubinemia can cross BBB causing
Encephalopathy
48
unconjuagated hyperbilirubinemia occurs in
neonatal hemolytic anemia Hereditary defects toxic hyperbilirubinemia
49
Haemolytic anemia is caused by
hemoglobinopathies Erythroblastosis fetalis Congenital spherocytosis G6PD deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Incompatible blood transfusion Malaria
50
Mention the hereditary defects in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Crigler-najjar syndrome type 1/2 Gilbert syndrome
51
Ingestion of what toxins causes acute liver dysfunction
Mushroom poisoning Chloroform
52
what enzyme is deficient in Crigler najjar syndrome
UDP-glucouronyl transferase
53
what enzyme is deficient in Gilbert syndrome
Reduced ACTIVITY of UDP-glucouronyl transferase
54
what enzyme is deficient in Dubin johnson syndrome
abnormal transport of conjugated bilirubin into biliary system
55
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is due to
1-Obstructive / cholestatic jaundice 2-micro obstruction of intrahepatic biliary ducts ( acute hepatitis ) 3-Dubin johnson syndrome / chronic idiopathic jaundice 4- rotor syndrome
56
prehepatic jaundice is characterised by
Anemia , high levels of indirect bilirubin Urobilinogen in urine dark stool dark urine
57
hepatic jaundice is characterised by
Elevated serum transaminases Elevated levels of both direct & indirect bilirubin dark urine Faint stool
58
Obstructive jaundice is characterised by
Elevated direct bilirubin & ALP in plasma dark urine very faint stool
59
another term for bilirubin encephalopathy
Kernicterus
60
dubin johnson syndrome is due to mutation in
MRP-2 protein
61
MRP-2 protein is responsible for
Transport of conjugated bilirubin from liver to canaliculus
62
Obstruction of biliary drainage seen in post hepatic jaundice is due to
Tumors or gallstones
63
color of stool in post hepatic jaundice
clay coloured
64
color of urine
Amber coloured
65
dark / coca-cola urine is seen in
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
66
iron overload in liver
hemochromatosis
67
copper overload in liver
wilson disease
68
Enzyme that often parallels ALP levels
gamma glutamyl transferase
69
in what case you will see high GGT , normal ALP
Alcohol / drugs
70
in what case you will see high ALT . normal GGT
Rapid bone growth bone disease Pregnancy
71
half life of albumin
14-20 days
72
marker for poor nutrition / malnutrition
Decreased albumin
73
Important clotting factor synthesised by liver
factor 7 / VII
74
half life of factor 7
4-6 hours
75
factor 7 /VII depends on which vitamin for activity
Vitamin K
76
when prothrombin time is high means
liver is not making enough clotting factors Serous liver damage
77
bile salts are formed from
Cholesterol
78
high total bilirubin & ALP
cholestasis
79
high aminotransferases
hepatocellular damage
80
low albumin
Chronic liver disease / malnutrition
81
functions of bile salts
1- eliminate excess cholesterol 2-facilitate digestion of TAG 3- facilitate intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins 4- with phospholipids will solubilize cholesterol
82
Gallstones are due to
1- excess cholesterol 2- deficiency in bile salts
83
what is the condition when fat is indigestible & excreted in stool
steatorrhea
84
steatorrhea is due to
Absence of bile
85
color of feces in case of steatorrhea
white / grey & greasy

UNIT 5 GI (34 decks)

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