P2 PATHOLOGY

Question 1

cardia of the stomach is lined by which cells

Answer 1

mucin secreting foveolar cells

Question 2

type WBC present in avute gastritis

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

Protection mechanisms of the stomach

Answer 3

1-mucin secretions
2-HCO3 secretion
3-rich vascular supply

Question 4

main causes of acute gastritis

Answer 4

1-NSAIDs
2-gastric injury
3- reduced mucin & HCO3
4-hypoxemia
5-ingestion of harsh chemicals

Question 5

NSDAIDs induce gastritis by inhibiting

Answer 5

COX- dependant synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 6

Gastric injury induce acute gastritis by inhibiting

Answer 6

gastric HCO3 transporters

Question 7

what transports HCO3

Answer 7

Ammonium ions

Question 8

reduced mucin & HCO3 mainly seen in what age group

Answer 8

Elderly patients

Question 9

presence of erosion and haemorrhage in acute gastritis is termed as

Answer 9

acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis

Question 10

common cause of chronic gastritis

Answer 10

H.pylori infection

Question 11

other causes for chronic gastritis

Answer 11

Autoimmune gastritis
chronic NSAIDs
radiation therapy , chronic bile reflux

Question 12

Patients come complaining of

Answer 12

Nausea , vomiting
upper abdominal discomfort

Question 13

H.pylori infection causes gastritis in which part of the stomach

Answer 13

antral gastritis

Question 14

incase of autoimmune gastritis can result in

Answer 14

hypergastrinemia

Question 15

hypergastrinemia in autoimmune gastritis is due to

Answer 15

reduced acid output

Question 16

if the gastritis is spreading to body and fundus , this increase risk for

Answer 16

gastric cancer

Question 17

Epidemiologically , “in the U.S” H.pylori is associated with

Answer 17

poverty , household crowding
Limited education , poor sanitation

Question 18

4 pathological features linked to H.pylori virulence

Answer 18

1-flagella
2-urease
3-adhesins
4-toxins

Question 19

role of flagella

Answer 19

Motility

Question 20

role of urease

Answer 20

Protecting bacteria from acid by generating ammonia

Question 21

Ammonia is generated by urease from

Answer 21

Endogenous urea

Question 22

role of adhesins

Answer 22

Bacterial adherence to surface foveolar cells

Question 23

toxins are encoded by

Answer 23

cytotoxin associated gene A (Cag A)

Question 24

the superficial lamina propria include what cells

Answer 24

plasma cells ( in clusters )
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

Question 25

in severe infection inflammatory infiltrates ca create

Answer 25

Thickened rugal folds

Question 26

high risk for developing lymphoma due to presence of

Answer 26

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue MALT

Question 27

high risk for developing gastric adenocarcinoma due to presence of

Answer 27

Intestinal metaplasia

Question 28

Intestinal metaplasia is characterised by

Answer 28

goblet cells , columnar absorptive cells

Question 29

Biopsy is preferred from which part

Answer 29

antrum of the stomach

Question 30

tests done for identification of H.pylori

Answer 30

Noninvasive serologic antibodies stool test urea breath test Biopsy

Question 31

peptic ulcer is associated with

Answer 31

NSAIDs & H.pylori infection

Question 32

peptic ulcer is more common in what parts pf the stomach

Answer 32

gastric antrum first part of the duodenum

Question 33

Pathogenesis of PUD

Answer 33

hyperacidity , parietal cell hyperplasia Excessive secretory responses

Question 34

Syndrome that is characterised by multiple peptic ulcerations

Answer 34

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 35

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is due to

Answer 35

Uncontrolled gastrin released by tumor

Question 36

peptic ulcer is more frequent with patients with

Answer 36

Alcoholic cirrhosis , COPD , chronic renal failure , hyperparathyroidism

Question 37

Mechanism causing increase in acid incase of hyperparatyhriodism & renal failure is

Answer 37

due to hypercalcemia

Question 38

peptic ulcers are more common in

Answer 38

proximal part of the duodenum than in stomach

Question 39

shape of the peptic ulcer

Answer 39

round to oval , sharply punched out defect

Question 40

Complication that needs surgical intervention

Answer 40

Perforation

Question 41

common age group in clinical presentation

Answer 41

older adults

Question 42

Patients come complaining from

Answer 42

epigastric burn nausea , vomiting , belching (burping )