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UNIT 5 GI > P2 PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

P2 PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

cardia of the stomach is lined by which cells

A

mucin secreting foveolar cells

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2
Q

type WBC present in avute gastritis

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

Protection mechanisms of the stomach

A

1-mucin secretions
2-HCO3 secretion
3-rich vascular supply

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4
Q

main causes of acute gastritis

A

1-NSAIDs
2-gastric injury
3- reduced mucin & HCO3
4-hypoxemia
5-ingestion of harsh chemicals

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5
Q

NSDAIDs induce gastritis by inhibiting

A

COX- dependant synthesis of prostaglandins

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6
Q

Gastric injury induce acute gastritis by inhibiting

A

gastric HCO3 transporters

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7
Q

what transports HCO3

A

Ammonium ions

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8
Q

reduced mucin & HCO3 mainly seen in what age group

A

Elderly patients

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9
Q

presence of erosion and haemorrhage in acute gastritis is termed as

A

acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis

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10
Q

common cause of chronic gastritis

A

H.pylori infection

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11
Q

other causes for chronic gastritis

A

Autoimmune gastritis
chronic NSAIDs
radiation therapy , chronic bile reflux

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12
Q

Patients come complaining of

A

Nausea , vomiting
upper abdominal discomfort

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13
Q

H.pylori infection causes gastritis in which part of the stomach

A

antral gastritis

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14
Q

incase of autoimmune gastritis can result in

A

hypergastrinemia

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15
Q

hypergastrinemia in autoimmune gastritis is due to

A

reduced acid output

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16
Q

if the gastritis is spreading to body and fundus , this increase risk for

A

gastric cancer

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17
Q

Epidemiologically , “in the U.S” H.pylori is associated with

A

poverty , household crowding
Limited education , poor sanitation

18
Q

4 pathological features linked to H.pylori virulence

A

1-flagella
2-urease
3-adhesins
4-toxins

19
Q

role of flagella

A

Motility

20
Q

role of urease

A

Protecting bacteria from acid by generating ammonia

21
Q

Ammonia is generated by urease from

A

Endogenous urea

22
Q

role of adhesins

A

Bacterial adherence to surface foveolar cells

23
Q

toxins are encoded by

A

cytotoxin associated gene A (Cag A)

24
Q

the superficial lamina propria include what cells

A

plasma cells ( in clusters )
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

25
Q

in severe infection inflammatory infiltrates ca create

A

Thickened rugal folds

26
Q

high risk for developing lymphoma due to presence of

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
MALT

27
Q

high risk for developing gastric adenocarcinoma due to presence of

A

Intestinal metaplasia

28
Q

Intestinal metaplasia is characterised by

A

goblet cells , columnar absorptive cells

29
Q

Biopsy is preferred from which part

A

antrum of the stomach

30
Q

tests done for identification of H.pylori

A

Noninvasive serologic antibodies
stool test
urea breath test
Biopsy

31
Q

peptic ulcer is associated with

A

NSAIDs & H.pylori infection

32
Q

peptic ulcer is more common in what parts pf the stomach

A

gastric antrum
first part of the duodenum

33
Q

Pathogenesis of PUD

A

hyperacidity , parietal cell hyperplasia
Excessive secretory responses

34
Q

Syndrome that is characterised by multiple peptic ulcerations

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

35
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is due to

A

Uncontrolled gastrin released by tumor

36
Q

peptic ulcer is more frequent with patients with

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis , COPD , chronic renal failure , hyperparathyroidism

37
Q

Mechanism causing increase in acid incase of hyperparatyhriodism & renal failure is

A

due to hypercalcemia

38
Q

peptic ulcers are more common in

A

proximal part of the duodenum than in stomach

39
Q

shape of the peptic ulcer

A

round to oval , sharply punched out defect

40
Q

Complication that needs surgical intervention

A

Perforation

41
Q

common age group in clinical presentation

A

older adults

42
Q

Patients come complaining from

A

epigastric burn
nausea , vomiting , belching (burping )

UNIT 5 GI (34 decks)

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