P2 PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

gut smooth muscle action potential is stimulated by

Answer 1

Increased intra-cellular Ca levels

Question 2

mixed food bolus is termed as

Answer 2

chyme

Question 3

proteins are digested by what enzyme

Answer 3

HCL & pepsin

Question 4

lipids are digested by what enzyme

Answer 4

lipase

Question 5

Carbs are digested by which enzyme

Answer 5

salivary amylase

Question 6

cells secreting pepsin

Answer 6

peptic / chief cells

Question 7

cells secreting HCL

Answer 7

parietal cells

Question 8

cells secreting intrinsic factors

Answer 8

parietal cells

Question 9

only these 2 substances gets absorbed form stomach

Answer 9

alcohol / aspirin

Question 10

Functions of the stomach

Answer 10

motility / digestion / secretion / absorption

Question 11

motility function of the stomach

Answer 11

storage
mixing food into “chyme”
emptying “Propulsion”

Question 12

stomach secret these substances

Answer 12

Intrinsic factors
HCL
pepsin
alkaline mucus

Question 13

type of relaxation that prepares stomach to anticipate food bolus

Answer 13

receptive relaxation

Question 14

nerve that activates receptive relaxation

Answer 14

vagus nerve

Question 15

part of the stomach that releases chemical substances inducing receptive relaxation

Answer 15

fundus of the stomach

Question 16

what are these chemical substances

Answer 16

VIP & NO

Question 17

phases of storage function of stomach

Answer 17

cephalic phase
Gastric phase
intestinal phase

Question 18

vagus nerve is stimulated by

Answer 18

sight , smell . thought & taste of food

Question 19

cells that produce action potential in the stomach

Answer 19

Cajal cells

Question 20

calcium binds with to make the complex that activates myosin light chain kinase

Answer 20

calmodulin protein

Question 21

type of reflex created due to presence of food

Answer 21

vagovagal reflex

Question 22

if the food contains what it will lead to release of gastrin

Answer 22

food containing protein

Question 23

gastrin is secreted from

Answer 23

G cells

Question 24

type of cells that plays a role in adaptive relaxation

Answer 24

G cells

Question 25

hormones secreted during intestinal phase

Answer 25

secretin cholecystokinin CCK gastric inhibitory peptide GIP

Question 26

Movements that lead to mixing of food

Answer 26

Propulsion & retropulsion

Question 27

phase that activates mixing functions

Answer 27

gastric phase by Ach

Question 28

phase that inhibit propulsion function

Answer 28

Intestinal phase

Question 29

reflex that causes pyloric sphincter contraction

Answer 29

Enterogastric reflex

Question 30

Motility during fasting

Answer 30

hunger contractions

Question 31

hunger contractions triggered by

Answer 31

motilin

Question 32

Maximum hunger contraction felt after how many days of fasting

Answer 32

3-4 days

Question 33

hours needed to feel hunger contractions

Answer 33

12-24 hours

Question 34

secretions are the highest during this phase

Answer 34

gastric phase

Question 35

nerve that is activated through vagovagal reflex

Answer 35

vagus nerve

Question 36

glands that secrets acid in stomach

Answer 36

Oxyntic glands / pyloric glands ( parietal cells )

Question 37

Oxyntic glands are abundant in what portion of stomach

Answer 37

upper portion

Question 38

pyloric glands are abundant in what portion of stomach

Answer 38

antrum of the stomach