Oral Cavity & Pharynx Flashcards
important structure at base of medial pterygoid
hamulus
forms pulley for tensor veli palatini
is the upper origin of pterygomandibular raphe
pterygoid fovea
depression on internal mandible just below neck of condyloid process
insertion of lateral pterygoid m.
mandibular tori
bony outgrowths on lingual surface of mandible
usually bilateral and asymptomatic, can affect speech if meet in middle
assoc w/ tooth grinding (bruxism)
may present w. palatine tori (torsos palatinus)
Unique feature of dental pulp sensory nerves
nociception only (no pressure/heat/cold, only pain)
apical foramen
at base of tooth
- superior or inferior alveolar n. enters (V2 or V3)
- sympathetic n. for blood vessels
pharyngeal tonsil
found in the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx
"tubal"= near eustachian tube "adenoid"= enlarged
oral cavity/oropharynx boundary
palatoglossal arch
palatine tonsils are found in the _____
oropharynx
arteries supplying tonsils
- descending palatine (maxillary)
- ascending pharyngeal a. (ECA)
- ascending palatine (facial)
- tonsillar (facial)
- dorsal lingual a.
transverse palatine folds
“palatine rug”
unique, fixed pattern (forensics)
5 m. of soft palate (and their innervation)
- tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
- levator veli palatini
- uvula
- palatopharyngeus
- palatoglossus
^ (CN X)
palatoglossus functions
- elevates tongue, pulls down soft palate (seals oropharynx)
- velar constants (K sound)
- isolates vestibule saliva
- assists in swallowing
uvula functions
- uvular constants
- seals nasopharynx during swallowing
uvula variations
- elongated (snoring?)
- shortened
- bifid
^( may lead to middle ear infections due to nasal regurgitation)
Damage to CN X on L side leads to deviation of uvula to ___
RIGHT
All m. of soft palate are innervated by CN X, with the exception of _____
tensor veli palatini (V3)
Most of the tensor veli palatine is behind which bone
medial pterygoid plate
levator veli palatini
elevates palate
scaphoid fossa
just above pterygoid fossa
-lateral to medial pterygoid
origin of tensor veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
flattens/tenses palate when swallowing
opens auditory (Eustachian) tube (middle ear pressure equilibration)
torus tubarius
“C” shaped cartilage, bulges around the opening to the eustachian tube
palate sensory innervation
- nasopalatine n. (front area, thru sphenopalatine canal –> incisive canal)
- greater palatine n. (hard)
- lesser palatine n. (soft)
structure on inner cheek opposite to 2nd maxillary molar
parotid papilla (parotid duct opening)
alveolar mucosa/gingiva innervation
- infraorbital n.
- post/mid/ant superior alveolar n.
go thru apical foramina into teeth AND supply gingiva and mucosa
Which n. supply gingiva on lingual side?
greater palatine n. (maxilla)
lingual n. (mandible)
labial mucosa innervation
labial br. of infraorbital n. (V2)
labial br. of mental n. (V3)
buccal br. of V3 (long buccal)
Difficulty equilibrating pressure in ear while scuba diving may indicate damage to which m.?
tensor veli palatini
tongue functions
- taste (VII, IX, X)
- speech
- food manipulation/deglutition
- absorption (under tongue)
extrinsic m. of tongue innervated by CN XII
- functions?
- styloglossus (retraction, cupping)
- genioglossus (protrusion, depression of center)
- hyoglossus (depression)
all CN XII
all have bony attachments
extrinsic m. of tongue not innervated by CN XII
palatoglossus (CN X)
retraction, elevation, depression of uvula –> brings tongue and soft palate into contact)
intrinsic m. of tongue
have NO bony attachments
actions
lengthen/shorten/curl/flatten
- hyoglossus
- genioglossus
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
CN XII (hypoglossal) n. path
passes superficial to hyoglossus m. and under mylohyoid m.
passes external to both carotids crosses over occipital a.
tongue papillae
Vallate (V-shape) are most obvious
Foliate are striations running vertically
foramen cecum
surface landmark on tongue
down growth of epithelium formed thyroid gland
terminal sulcus
divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
just posterior to vallate papillae
lingual nerve innervates anterior
looking at infratemporal fossa from outside, the inferior alveolar n. enters mandible and which n. is anterior to it?
lingual n.
geniohyoid innervation
br. of C1, piggybacked on hyoglossus n.
____ a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.
LINGUAL a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.
lingual n.
submandibular duct
vena comitans of XII
^ all just lateral to which m.?
hyoglossus
tongue blood supply
sublingual a/v
deep lingual a/v
dorsal lingual a/v
lingual a.
salivary glands
labial
palatine
pharyngeal
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
collectively secrete 1-1.5 L/day, not when asleep
openings for sublingual ducts are at the ________
openings for sublingual ducts are at the SUBLINGUAL FOLD
opening of the submandibular duct?
sublingual caruncle
the submandibular duct crosses over the ______ n.
the submandibular duct crosses over the LINGUAL n.
How are minor salivary glands innervated?
VII
greater petrosal n. –> joined by deep petrosal n. –> vidian n. –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> descending palatine n. OR nasopalatine n.
Pt has loss of taste in front of tongue and thickening of bones in skull, which region may be compromised?
petrotympanic fissure
nasopharynx contents
choanae to inf. margin of soft palate
- pharyngeal tonsils
- torus tubarius and eustachian tube (cartilaginous)
- salpingopharyngeus m.
- superior constrictor
- tensor and levator veli palatini
oropharynx contents
soft palate to epiglottis
- palatine tonsil
- palatopharyngeus m.
- superior ocnstrictor
- middle constrictor
laryngopharynx contents
epiglottis to carotid cartilage
- middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
pterygomandibular raphe
from hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mandible
origin for buccinator and superior constrictor
middle superior constrictor originates from
hyoid bone (greater horn)
Inferior constrictor originates from
oblique line on thyroid cartilage
pharyngeal tubercle
bump just anterior to foramen magnum
insertion of superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors via pharyngeal raphe
inner longitudinal muscles of pharynx
- salpingopharyngeus
- palatopharyngeus
- stylopharyngeus
function to elevate and shorten (widen) pharynx during swallowing
All pharyngeal m. are innervated by CN X except for
stylopharyngeus m. (CN IX)
structures passing thru gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor
- eustachian tube
- levator palatini
structures passing thru gap between the superior and middle constrictors
- stylohyoid ligament
- stylopharyngeus m.
- glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
structures passing thru gap between the middle and inferior constrictors
- internal laryngeal n. (via superior laryngeal a.)
- superior laryngeal artery (via superior thyroid a.)
structures passing thru gap below the inferior constrictor
- recurrent laryngeal n. (X)
- inferior laryngeal a. (via inferior thyroid)
m. just above greater horn of hyoid bone
middle pharyngeal constrictor
