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AIM - The Brain > Oral Cavity & Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity & Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

important structure at base of medial pterygoid

A

hamulus

forms pulley for tensor veli palatini

is the upper origin of pterygomandibular raphe

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2
Q

pterygoid fovea

A

depression on internal mandible just below neck of condyloid process

insertion of lateral pterygoid m.

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3
Q

mandibular tori

A

bony outgrowths on lingual surface of mandible

usually bilateral and asymptomatic, can affect speech if meet in middle

assoc w/ tooth grinding (bruxism)

may present w. palatine tori (torsos palatinus)

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4
Q

Unique feature of dental pulp sensory nerves

A

nociception only (no pressure/heat/cold, only pain)

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5
Q

apical foramen

A

at base of tooth

  • superior or inferior alveolar n. enters (V2 or V3)
  • sympathetic n. for blood vessels
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6
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

A

found in the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx

"tubal"= near eustachian tube
"adenoid"= enlarged
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7
Q

oral cavity/oropharynx boundary

A

palatoglossal arch

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8
Q

palatine tonsils are found in the _____

A

oropharynx

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9
Q

arteries supplying tonsils

A
  • descending palatine (maxillary)
  • ascending pharyngeal a. (ECA)
  • ascending palatine (facial)
  • tonsillar (facial)
  • dorsal lingual a.
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10
Q

transverse palatine folds

A

“palatine rug”

unique, fixed pattern (forensics)

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11
Q

5 m. of soft palate (and their innervation)

A
  • tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
  • levator veli palatini
  • uvula
  • palatopharyngeus
  • palatoglossus
    ^ (CN X)
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12
Q

palatoglossus functions

A
  • elevates tongue, pulls down soft palate (seals oropharynx)
  • velar constants (K sound)
  • isolates vestibule saliva
  • assists in swallowing
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13
Q

uvula functions

A
  • uvular constants

- seals nasopharynx during swallowing

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14
Q

uvula variations

A
  • elongated (snoring?)
  • shortened
  • bifid
    ^( may lead to middle ear infections due to nasal regurgitation)
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15
Q

Damage to CN X on L side leads to deviation of uvula to ___

A

RIGHT

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16
Q

All m. of soft palate are innervated by CN X, with the exception of _____

A

tensor veli palatini (V3)

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17
Q

Most of the tensor veli palatine is behind which bone

A

medial pterygoid plate

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18
Q

levator veli palatini

A

elevates palate

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19
Q

scaphoid fossa

A

just above pterygoid fossa
-lateral to medial pterygoid
origin of tensor veli palatini

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20
Q

tensor veli palatini

A

flattens/tenses palate when swallowing

opens auditory (Eustachian) tube (middle ear pressure equilibration)

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21
Q

torus tubarius

A

“C” shaped cartilage, bulges around the opening to the eustachian tube

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22
Q

palate sensory innervation

A
  • nasopalatine n. (front area, thru sphenopalatine canal –> incisive canal)
  • greater palatine n. (hard)
  • lesser palatine n. (soft)
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23
Q

structure on inner cheek opposite to 2nd maxillary molar

A

parotid papilla (parotid duct opening)

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24
Q

alveolar mucosa/gingiva innervation

A
  • infraorbital n.
  • post/mid/ant superior alveolar n.

go thru apical foramina into teeth AND supply gingiva and mucosa

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25
Q

Which n. supply gingiva on lingual side?

A

greater palatine n. (maxilla)

lingual n. (mandible)

26
Q

labial mucosa innervation

A

labial br. of infraorbital n. (V2)

labial br. of mental n. (V3)

buccal br. of V3 (long buccal)

27
Q

Difficulty equilibrating pressure in ear while scuba diving may indicate damage to which m.?

A

tensor veli palatini

28
Q

tongue functions

A
  • taste (VII, IX, X)
  • speech
  • food manipulation/deglutition
  • absorption (under tongue)
29
Q

extrinsic m. of tongue innervated by CN XII

  • functions?
A
  • styloglossus (retraction, cupping)
  • genioglossus (protrusion, depression of center)
  • hyoglossus (depression)

all CN XII
all have bony attachments

30
Q

extrinsic m. of tongue not innervated by CN XII

A

palatoglossus (CN X)

retraction, elevation, depression of uvula –> brings tongue and soft palate into contact)

31
Q

intrinsic m. of tongue

A

have NO bony attachments
actions

lengthen/shorten/curl/flatten

  • hyoglossus
  • genioglossus
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
32
Q

CN XII (hypoglossal) n. path

A

passes superficial to hyoglossus m. and under mylohyoid m.

passes external to both carotids crosses over occipital a.

33
Q

tongue papillae

A

Vallate (V-shape) are most obvious

Foliate are striations running vertically

34
Q

foramen cecum

A

surface landmark on tongue

down growth of epithelium formed thyroid gland

35
Q

terminal sulcus

A

divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

just posterior to vallate papillae

lingual nerve innervates anterior

36
Q

looking at infratemporal fossa from outside, the inferior alveolar n. enters mandible and which n. is anterior to it?

A

lingual n.

37
Q

geniohyoid innervation

A

br. of C1, piggybacked on hyoglossus n.

38
Q

____ a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.

A

LINGUAL a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.

39
Q

lingual n.
submandibular duct
vena comitans of XII

^ all just lateral to which m.?

A

hyoglossus

40
Q

tongue blood supply

A

sublingual a/v
deep lingual a/v
dorsal lingual a/v
lingual a.

41
Q

salivary glands

A

labial
palatine
pharyngeal

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

collectively secrete 1-1.5 L/day, not when asleep

42
Q

openings for sublingual ducts are at the ________

A

openings for sublingual ducts are at the SUBLINGUAL FOLD

43
Q

opening of the submandibular duct?

A

sublingual caruncle

44
Q

the submandibular duct crosses over the ______ n.

A

the submandibular duct crosses over the LINGUAL n.

45
Q

How are minor salivary glands innervated?

A

VII

greater petrosal n. –> joined by deep petrosal n. –> vidian n. –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> descending palatine n. OR nasopalatine n.

46
Q

Pt has loss of taste in front of tongue and thickening of bones in skull, which region may be compromised?

A

petrotympanic fissure

47
Q

nasopharynx contents

A

choanae to inf. margin of soft palate

  • pharyngeal tonsils
  • torus tubarius and eustachian tube (cartilaginous)
  • salpingopharyngeus m.
  • superior constrictor
  • tensor and levator veli palatini
48
Q

oropharynx contents

A

soft palate to epiglottis

  • palatine tonsil
  • palatopharyngeus m.
  • superior ocnstrictor
  • middle constrictor
49
Q

laryngopharynx contents

A

epiglottis to carotid cartilage

- middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

50
Q

pterygomandibular raphe

A

from hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mandible

origin for buccinator and superior constrictor

51
Q

middle superior constrictor originates from

A

hyoid bone (greater horn)

52
Q

Inferior constrictor originates from

A

oblique line on thyroid cartilage

53
Q

pharyngeal tubercle

A

bump just anterior to foramen magnum

insertion of superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors via pharyngeal raphe

54
Q

inner longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A
  • salpingopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • stylopharyngeus

function to elevate and shorten (widen) pharynx during swallowing

55
Q

All pharyngeal m. are innervated by CN X except for

A

stylopharyngeus m. (CN IX)

56
Q

structures passing thru gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor

A
  • eustachian tube

- levator palatini

57
Q

structures passing thru gap between the superior and middle constrictors

A
  • stylohyoid ligament
  • stylopharyngeus m.
  • glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
58
Q

structures passing thru gap between the middle and inferior constrictors

A
  • internal laryngeal n. (via superior laryngeal a.)

- superior laryngeal artery (via superior thyroid a.)

59
Q

structures passing thru gap below the inferior constrictor

A
  • recurrent laryngeal n. (X)

- inferior laryngeal a. (via inferior thyroid)

60
Q

m. just above greater horn of hyoid bone

A

middle pharyngeal constrictor

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