Oral Cavity & Pharynx

Question 1

important structure at base of medial pterygoid

Answer 1

hamulus

forms pulley for tensor veli palatini

is the upper origin of pterygomandibular raphe

Question 2

pterygoid fovea

Answer 2

depression on internal mandible just below neck of condyloid process

insertion of lateral pterygoid m.

Question 3

mandibular tori

Answer 3

bony outgrowths on lingual surface of mandible

usually bilateral and asymptomatic, can affect speech if meet in middle

assoc w/ tooth grinding (bruxism)

may present w. palatine tori (torsos palatinus)

Question 4

Unique feature of dental pulp sensory nerves

Answer 4

nociception only (no pressure/heat/cold, only pain)

Question 5

apical foramen

Answer 5

at base of tooth

• superior or inferior alveolar n. enters (V2 or V3)
• sympathetic n. for blood vessels

Question 6

pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 6

found in the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx

"tubal"= near eustachian tube
"adenoid"= enlarged

Question 7

oral cavity/oropharynx boundary

Answer 7

palatoglossal arch

Question 8

palatine tonsils are found in the _____

Answer 8

oropharynx

Question 9

arteries supplying tonsils

Answer 9

• descending palatine (maxillary)
• ascending pharyngeal a. (ECA)
• ascending palatine (facial)
• tonsillar (facial)
• dorsal lingual a.

Question 10

transverse palatine folds

Answer 10

“palatine rug”

unique, fixed pattern (forensics)

Question 11

5 m. of soft palate (and their innervation)

Answer 11

• tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
• levator veli palatini
• uvula
• palatopharyngeus
• palatoglossus
  ^ (CN X)

Question 12

palatoglossus functions

Answer 12

• elevates tongue, pulls down soft palate (seals oropharynx)
• velar constants (K sound)
• isolates vestibule saliva
• assists in swallowing

Question 13

uvula functions

Answer 13

• uvular constants

- seals nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 14

uvula variations

Answer 14

• elongated (snoring?)
• shortened
• bifid
  ^( may lead to middle ear infections due to nasal regurgitation)

Question 15

Damage to CN X on L side leads to deviation of uvula to ___

Answer 15

RIGHT

Question 16

All m. of soft palate are innervated by CN X, with the exception of _____

Answer 16

tensor veli palatini (V3)

Question 17

Most of the tensor veli palatine is behind which bone

Answer 17

medial pterygoid plate

Question 18

levator veli palatini

Answer 18

elevates palate

Question 19

scaphoid fossa

Answer 19

just above pterygoid fossa
-lateral to medial pterygoid
origin of tensor veli palatini

Question 20

tensor veli palatini

Answer 20

flattens/tenses palate when swallowing

opens auditory (Eustachian) tube (middle ear pressure equilibration)

Question 21

torus tubarius

Answer 21

“C” shaped cartilage, bulges around the opening to the eustachian tube

Question 22

palate sensory innervation

Answer 22

• nasopalatine n. (front area, thru sphenopalatine canal –> incisive canal)
• greater palatine n. (hard)
• lesser palatine n. (soft)

Question 23

structure on inner cheek opposite to 2nd maxillary molar

Answer 23

parotid papilla (parotid duct opening)

Question 24

alveolar mucosa/gingiva innervation

Answer 24

• infraorbital n.
• post/mid/ant superior alveolar n.

go thru apical foramina into teeth AND supply gingiva and mucosa

Question 25

Which n. supply gingiva on lingual side?

Answer 25

greater palatine n. (maxilla) lingual n. (mandible)

Question 26

labial mucosa innervation

Answer 26

labial br. of infraorbital n. (V2) labial br. of mental n. (V3) buccal br. of V3 (long buccal)

Question 27

Difficulty equilibrating pressure in ear while scuba diving may indicate damage to which m.?

Answer 27

tensor veli palatini

Question 28

tongue functions

Answer 28

- taste (VII, IX, X) - speech - food manipulation/deglutition - absorption (under tongue)

Question 29

extrinsic m. of tongue innervated by CN XII - functions?

Answer 29

- styloglossus (retraction, cupping) - genioglossus (protrusion, depression of center) - hyoglossus (depression) all CN XII all have bony attachments

Question 30

extrinsic m. of tongue not innervated by CN XII

Answer 30

palatoglossus (CN X) retraction, elevation, depression of uvula --> brings tongue and soft palate into contact)

Question 31

intrinsic m. of tongue

Answer 31

have NO bony attachments actions lengthen/shorten/curl/flatten - hyoglossus - genioglossus - mylohyoid - geniohyoid

Question 32

CN XII (hypoglossal) n. path

Answer 32

passes superficial to hyoglossus m. and under mylohyoid m. passes external to both carotids crosses over occipital a.

Question 33

tongue papillae

Answer 33

Vallate (V-shape) are most obvious Foliate are striations running vertically

Question 34

foramen cecum

Answer 34

surface landmark on tongue down growth of epithelium formed thyroid gland

Question 35

terminal sulcus

Answer 35

divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 just posterior to vallate papillae lingual nerve innervates anterior

Question 36

looking at infratemporal fossa from outside, the inferior alveolar n. enters mandible and which n. is anterior to it?

Answer 36

lingual n.

Question 37

geniohyoid innervation

Answer 37

br. of C1, piggybacked on hyoglossus n.

Question 38

____ a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.

Answer 38

LINGUAL a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.

Question 39

lingual n. submandibular duct vena comitans of XII ^ all just lateral to which m.?

Answer 39

hyoglossus

Question 40

tongue blood supply

Answer 40

sublingual a/v deep lingual a/v dorsal lingual a/v lingual a.

Question 41

salivary glands

Answer 41

labial palatine pharyngeal parotid sublingual submandibular collectively secrete 1-1.5 L/day, not when asleep

Question 42

openings for sublingual ducts are at the ________

Answer 42

openings for sublingual ducts are at the SUBLINGUAL FOLD

Question 43

opening of the submandibular duct?

Answer 43

sublingual caruncle

Question 44

the submandibular duct crosses over the ______ n.

Answer 44

the submandibular duct crosses over the LINGUAL n.

Question 45

How are minor salivary glands innervated?

Answer 45

VII greater petrosal n. --> joined by deep petrosal n. --> vidian n. --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> descending palatine n. OR nasopalatine n.

Question 46

Pt has loss of taste in front of tongue and thickening of bones in skull, which region may be compromised?

Answer 46

petrotympanic fissure

Question 47

nasopharynx contents

Answer 47

choanae to inf. margin of soft palate - pharyngeal tonsils - torus tubarius and eustachian tube (cartilaginous) - salpingopharyngeus m. - superior constrictor - tensor and levator veli palatini

Question 48

oropharynx contents

Answer 48

soft palate to epiglottis - palatine tonsil - palatopharyngeus m. - superior ocnstrictor - middle constrictor

Question 49

laryngopharynx contents

Answer 49

epiglottis to carotid cartilage | - middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 50

pterygomandibular raphe

Answer 50

from hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mandible origin for buccinator and superior constrictor

Question 51

middle superior constrictor originates from

Answer 51

hyoid bone (greater horn)

Question 52

Inferior constrictor originates from

Answer 52

oblique line on thyroid cartilage

Question 53

pharyngeal tubercle

Answer 53

bump just anterior to foramen magnum insertion of superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors via pharyngeal raphe

Question 54

inner longitudinal muscles of pharynx

Answer 54

- salpingopharyngeus - palatopharyngeus - stylopharyngeus function to elevate and shorten (widen) pharynx during swallowing

Question 55

All pharyngeal m. are innervated by CN X except for

Answer 55

stylopharyngeus m. (CN IX)

Question 56

structures passing thru gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 56

- eustachian tube | - levator palatini

Question 57

structures passing thru gap between the superior and middle constrictors

Answer 57

- stylohyoid ligament - stylopharyngeus m. - glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

Question 58

structures passing thru gap between the middle and inferior constrictors

Answer 58

- internal laryngeal n. (via superior laryngeal a.) | - superior laryngeal artery (via superior thyroid a.)

Question 59

structures passing thru gap below the inferior constrictor

Answer 59

- recurrent laryngeal n. (X) | - inferior laryngeal a. (via inferior thyroid)

Question 60

m. just above greater horn of hyoid bone

Answer 60

middle pharyngeal constrictor