Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AIM - The Brain > Brainstem I > Flashcards

Brainstem I Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem functions

A
  • conduit for info to/from spinal and supraspinal levels
  • origin of descending pathways (motor, pain)
  • processes/integrates info
  • centers for respiration, HR, BP, consciousness
  • cranial n.=spinal n. (equivalent functions), and convey taste, hearing, equilibrium
  • preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (thoracic and abd viscera, pupillary sphincter, salivation/ lacrimation)
  • synthesis of NTs (CNS)
  • critical functions = small region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of SPINAL CORD LESIONS involving LONG TRACTS

A
  1. effects observed at level of lesion and below
  2. pain and temp loss side opposite of lesion
  3. weakness, position sense and vibration sense lost ipsilaterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of BRAINSTEM LESIONS

A
  1. lesions of 3 long tracts in brainstem –> contralateral deficits
  2. cranial nerve signs will reveal the level of the lesion in brainstem
  3. cranial nerve signs observed on the side of lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A

medulla
pons
midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ a. –> supplies medulla

A

vertebral a. –> supplies medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ a. –> supplies pons

A

basilar a. –> supplies pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the basilar a. ends at the level of the ____, giving rise to the ____ a. –> which supplies the ____

A

the basilar a. ends at the level of the MIDBRAIN, giving rise to the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL a. –> which supplies the MIDBRAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ventral surface of the brainstem contains

A

pyramids (corticospinal path decussation)
olives
cranial nerve rootlets of IX, X, XI. XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

midline bulge of medulla

A

pyramid

where corticospinal tract crosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

between pyramids and olive, CN __ exits

A

between pyramids and olive, CN XII exits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___ forms roof of fourth ventricle

___ forms floor of fourth ventricle

A

CEREBELLUM forms roof of fourth ventricle

MEDULLA/PONS forms floor of fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The dorsal surface of the brainstem contains

A

inferior/superior colliculus

inferior/middle/superior cerebellar peduncle

F. cuneatus/F. gracilis (dorsal column paths)

cuneate tubercle/gracile tubercle (surface elevations formed by second order neurons for dorsal column path which reside underneath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reticular formation

A

central core of medulla,
pons and midbrain

controls…
respiration
BP
HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

medial lemniscus is formed by fibers leaving the

A

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

becomes more horizontal and unites with spinothalamic path as you ascend through brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medial medullary lesion

A

loss of dorsal column pathway (medial lemniscus)

AND

corticospinal tract (hemiparesis contralaterally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LMN send axons out to

A

striated m.

analogous to LMN in spinal cord, also receive input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

motor cranial n. nuclei receive cortical input via ______

w/ the exception of…

A

motor cranial n. nuclei receive cortical input via CORTICOBULBAR PATHWAY

w/ the exception of CN NUCLEI INNERVATING EYE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

corticobulbar pathway

A

UMN synapse on facian nucleus either bilaterally (upper face) or contralaterally (lower face) on motor nuclei of the brain stem

19
Q

alar plate gives rise to

A

sensory neurons

20
Q

basal plate gives rise to

A

motor neurons

21
Q

motor nuclei are (medial/lateral) to sensory nuclei in the brainstem, and are separated by _______

A

motor nuclei are medial to sensory nuclei in the brainstem, and are separated by sulcus limitans

22
Q

2 sets of nuclei that innervate striated muscle, which are most medial?

A

somatic motor nuclei (most medial)

somatosensory nuclei (most lateral)

23
Q

which nuclei are adjacent to the sulcus limitans?

A

visceromotor (VM) viscerosensory (VS)

24
Q

lateral strokes involve which nuclei?

A

pharyngeal motor (branchial motor)

25
Q

medial strokes involve which nuclei?

A

somatic motor nuclei

26
Q

columns of CN nuclei (midline to lateral)

A

somatic motor (hypoglossal)

branchial motor AKA pharyngeal (ambiguus - CN IX, X, XI)

visceral motor (dorsal X)

visceral sensory (solitarius)

somatosensory (spinal V)

social senses (vestibular, cochlear)

27
Q

caudal medulla: motor decussation

A

on ventral aspect, the descending lateral corticospinal tract fibers and corticobulbar tract fibers from cortical UMNs decussate through the pyramids to the side they will be innervating

28
Q

caudal medulla: sensory crossing

A

on the dorsal aspect, the ascending dorsal column fibers run in fasiculus gracilis and fasiculus cuneatus

synapse to their respective nuclei gracilis/cuneatus

second order neurons project fibers which decussate through the medial lemniscus on their way to the thalamus.

(CROSS SECTION LOOKS LIKE ARTIST PALETTE)

29
Q

if there are fibers in medial lemniscus –> they are (ipsilateral/contralateral) to site of origin

A

if there are fibers in medial lemniscus –> they are CONTRALATERAL to site of origin

lesion will cause contralateral damage

30
Q

lesion to nucleus gracilis or nucleus cuneatus –> (ipsilateral/contralateral) damage

A

lesion to nucleus gracilis or nucleus cuneatus –> (IPSILATERAL) damage

31
Q

distinct feature of nucleus solitarius

A

found lateral to dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

has tract running through it

32
Q

hypoglossal nucleus

A

innervates intrinsic/extrinsic m. of tongue

33
Q

lesion of hypoglossal nucleus

A
  1. paralysis of tongue on side of lesion
  2. fasciculations - LMN sign
  3. upon protrusion, tongue deviates to side of lesion
34
Q

nucleus ambiguus

A

innervates larynx, pharynx, soft palate (CN IX, X)

35
Q

lesion of nucleus ambiguus

A

hoarsness
difficulty swallowing

sx: arch of soft palate is drooped, uvula deviated AWAY from side of lesion

36
Q

preganglionic parasympathetics for thoracic and abd viscera are carried in

A

visceral motor column (dorsal motor nucleus of X)

T1-L2

37
Q

preganglionic parasympathetics to pelvic viscera

A

S2-S4 of spinal cord

38
Q

sympathetic outputs arise from thorcacolumbar spinal cord segments and synapse where?

A

in paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia

39
Q

parasympathetic outputs arise from craniosacral regions and synapse where?

A

in ganglia in/near effector organs

40
Q

nucleus solitarius receives taste and sensation from viscera via

A

CN VII, IX, X

41
Q

spinal nucleus of V

A

receives pain and temp info from face

lesions –> ipsilateral deficit

42
Q

lateral medullary lesion

A

pain/temp loss in face (ipsilateral)

pain/temp in body (contralateral)

hoarseness, uvular deviation (twd affected side)

ataxia/vertigo (ipsilateral)

43
Q

medial medullary lesion

A

hemiparesis (contralateral)

loss of touch/vibration/position sense (contralateral)

AIM - The Brain (105 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions