HY meds Flashcards

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1
Q

Levodopa

A

dopamine replacement

tx: parkinson’s

+carbidopa

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2
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT inhibitor (prevents peripheral conversion of L-Dopa –> Methyldopa)

tx: parkinson’s

+levodopa/carbidopa

LIVER TOXICITY
DISCOLORED URINE

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3
Q

Selegiline

Rasagiline

A

MAO-B inhibitors (prevent selective degradation of DA)

tx: parkinson’s

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4
Q

pramipexole

ropinirole

A

D2 receptor agonists, non-ergots

tx: parkinson’s

COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS

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5
Q

apomorphine

A

DA agonist, super POTENT

tx: parkinson’s

subQ injection for intermittent episodes

ORTHOSTASIS

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6
Q

benztropine

A

anticholinergic (anti-muscarinic)

tx: parkinson’s
- Used to rebalance DA:Ach ratio; treats tremors > rigidity

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7
Q

amantadine

A

anti-viral

tx: parkinson’s (unknown MOA)

may improve rigidity, tremor and drug-related dyskinesia.

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8
Q

Methylphenidate

A

amphetamine, indirect monoamine agonist

block storage/reuptake of NE/DA

tx: ADHD

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9
Q

atomoxetine

A

ADHD

Selective inhibitor of NE transport (NSRI)
NONSTIMULANT

Blocks NE reuptake so it is available in synapse for longer in prefrontal cortex.

similar mech to anti-depressants.

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10
Q

Guanfacine, Clonidine

A

ADHD

MOA: alpha-2 receptor agonists (sympatholytic) –> prevents release of NTs
(recall alpha-2 receptors - when stimulated - suppress release of transmitter)

(MOA for ADHD unclear)

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11
Q

caffeine

A

MOA: adenosine receptor antagonist (same shape, but does not cause same effect, just blocks site)
- ultimately inhibiting an inhibitor –> inc transmitter release

Adenosine binding to PRESYNAPTIC receptor:

  • closes Ca++ channels
  • decreased NT release

Adenosine binding to POSTSYNAPTIC receptor:

  • open K+ channel
  • hyperpolarizes cell
  • decreased response to stimuli

If BLOCKED:

  • increased NT release
  • increased response to stimuli
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12
Q

Modafinil

A

tx: Sleepiness

Blocks dopamine transporter (dopamine available in synapse longer).
Increases synaptic dopamine (DSRI).
Not entirely clear how it relates to sleep

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13
Q

gammahydroxybutyrate

A

tx: narcolepsy, cataplexy

-potent enhancer of GABA (powerful sedative bc GABA is primary inhibitor)
-exhibits GABA and dopamine-like effects
^ DA/GABA agonism

date rape drug (conscious sedation)

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14
Q

phentermine

A

anorexiant

NE transporter inhibition

  • NE stays in synapse longer, acts as stimulant
  • sympathetic NS activated, parasympathetic suppressed
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15
Q

lorcaserin

A

anorexiant

5HT(2C) [serotonin] receptor agonist

  • more serotonin produced
  • change in hypothalamus
  • less hungry

-similar receptor being modulated as fen-phen –> possibly future cardiomyopathy issues?

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16
Q

burpropion + Naltrexone

A

Anorexiant

DA and NE reuptake inhibitor.
Opioid receptor antagonist. (prevent reward pathways from being stimulated. No reward when people eat.)

17
Q

chlorpromazine

A

anti-psychotic

low potency older/typical agent (+sx)

D2 > 5HT2A

18
Q

haloperidol

A

anti-psychotic

high potency older/typical agent (+sx)

D2 > 5HT2A

19
Q

clozapine

A

antipsychotic

most common newer/atypical agent (-sx)

5HT2A > D2