Anterior Neck Flashcards
anterior triangle of the neck boundaries
Inferior border of the mandible
Posterior border of the SCM
Anterior midline of the neck
Roof: platysma and the investing fascia
mental triangle boundaries
Between two anterior bellies of digastric m. and the hyoid bone
muscular triangle boundaries
superior belly of the omohyoid
lower anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
median line of the neck
submandibular triangle boundaries
posterior and anterior bellies of the digastric m.
inferior border of the mandible
floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus, middle constrictor m.
carotid triangle boundaries
anterior border of SCM
superior belly of omohyoid
posterior belly of digastric m.
stylohyoid
Which vessel lies in superficial fascia lateral to the SCM?
external jugular vein
Anterior jugular v.s can drain into…
EJV or into subclavian v. (deep to SCM)
suprahyoid muscles
mylohoyoid
anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
infrahyoid muscles
thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
superior, inferior belly of omohyoid
Which a./v. cross inferior border of mandible and travel superiorly?
the FACIAL artery and vein
br. of external carotid a.
which nerves supply the digastric m. (anterior belly) and mylohyoid?
n. to mylohyoid (br. of mandibular division of trigeminal, CN V3)
Which n. supplies the digastric m. (posterior belly) and the styloyoid?
branches of facial n. (CN VII)
Inferior alveolar n.
br. of CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)
(enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen, passes along the mandibular canal, exits through the mental foramen)
sensory to teeth
two actions of the thyrohyoid m.
- depress hyoid bone
- elevate thyroid cartilage
ansa cervicalis
from C1-C3
innervates infrahyoid m. EXCEPT thyrohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sup belly of omohyoid
- sternothyroid
- inf belly of omohyoid
Innervation to thyrohyoid m.
directly innervated by a branch of C1 that piggy backs w/ hypoglossus n. (CN XII)
Which two roots of the ansa cervicalis piggy back with the hypoglossal n.?
Superior part of C1
Superior part of C2
upper loop of ansa cervicalis
C1
lower loop of ansa cervicalis
C2-C3
thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of ___ that hitch-hike on the _________ n.
thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of C1 that hitch-hike on the HYPOGLOSSAL n.
all infrahyoid muscles except the _______ are innervated by ansa cervicalis
all infrahyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID are innervated by ansa cervicalis
carotid triangle
IJV, CCA, vagus n.
surrounded by carotid sheath
Which vein is just lateral to the common carotid artery
internal juglar vein
vagus n. lies between and just behind
internal juglar vein and common carotid artery
n. structure coming around medial and lateral side of internal jugular vein and then join together
ansa cervicalis
Where should you palpate the carotid pulse?
depression just anterior to SCM and below mandible
right common carotid a. is a branch of the
brachiocephalic trunk
Internal carotid a. vs external carotid a., which is anterior
external carotid a. is ANTERIOR to internal carotid a.
left common carotid a. is a branch of the
arch of aorta
the common carotid a. divides into internal and external carotid at ~ level of the
upper edge of thyroid cartilage
the subclavian a. is divided into 3 parts by which m.?
anterior scalene m.
The r. recurrent laryngeal n. crosses almost 90 degrees to which vessel?
inferior thyroid a.
Which branches of the internal carotid a. travel into the neck?
NONE.
Internal carotid has no branches in the neck. Main job is in brain via cerebral arteries.
Branches of the external carotid artery
SALFOPSMax
- superior thyroid
- ascending pharyngeal
- lingual
- facial
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- superficial temporal
- maxillary
Middle meningeal a. is a branch of which a.?
maxillary a.
External carotid a. supplies everything outside the dura mater EXCEPT …
the anterior forehead, which is supplied by internal carotid a. via the supraorbital a. (br. of ophthalmic a.)
arteries forming arterial circle of willis
Anterior cerebral aa. Anterior communicating a. ICA --> Middle cerebral a. Posterior communicating aa. Posterior cerebral aa. Basilar a. Vertebral aa.
receptor in carotid body
chemoreceptors
detect pO2, pCO2
receptors in carotid sinus
baroreceptors
detect pressure
innervation of carotid body/sinus
Visceral sensory.
Carotid sinus n.
(branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal)
carotid sinus reflex
If palpate the carotid pulse too hard, carotid sinus is overstimulated –> decreased HR, syncope
HR slowed by vagus nerve (CN X)
sympathetic chain (cervical) lies behind ________
sympathetic chain lies behind CAROTID SHEATH
branches off of IJV
occipital v pharyngeal vv. facial v. lingual v thyroid v. (superior, middle)
superficial lymph nodes of the neck/head
occipital mastoid parotid submandibular submental
deep cervical nodes are divided into superior deep and inferior deep groups by _____________
omohyoid
lymph node inflammed with pharyngitis
jugulo-digastric LN
lymph node swollen with disease in thorax/abdomen
supraclavicular LN
what drains lymphatics from head?
internal jugular trunk
empties into R thoracic duct on right // thoracic duct on left
hormones produced by thyroid gland
T3/T4: regulate metabolism
Calcitonin: regulates Ca++ levels in blood
thyroid gland lies posterior to ______,
anterior/lateral to ________ and __________,
medial to _________.
thyroid gland lies posterior to INFRAHYOID MUSCLES,
anterior/lateral to TRACHEA and ESOPHAGUS,
medial to CAROTID SHEATH.
superior and middle thyroid veins drain into__________
internal jugular vein
pyramidal lobe of thyroid
remnant of thyroglossal duct (foramen cecum to thyroid gland)
What stimulates the thyroid gland? Regulation?
TRH/TSH from hypothalamus/pitutary.
High levels of T3/T4 produce negative feedback on TRH/TSH to maintain a constant level.
goiter
hypertrophy of thyroid gland.
Absence of iodine causes absence of T3/T4 –> increased TRH/TSH –> hypertrophy
parathyroid hormone
Regulates level of calcium in blood/bones/GI system.
4 parathyroid glands (2 superior, 2 inferior)
branches of subclavian artery
SUBCLAVIAN
INTERNAL THORACIC
THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
- inf thyroid –> ascending cervical
- transverse cervical
- suprascapular
VERTEBRAL
COSTOCERVICAL
- deep cervical
- supreme intercostal
what drains into internal jugular vein?
- inf petrosal v
- occipital v
- pharyngeal vv.
- facial v
- lingual v
- superior thyroid v
- middle thyroid v
