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AIM - The Brain > Anterior Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

anterior triangle of the neck boundaries

A

Inferior border of the mandible

Posterior border of the SCM

Anterior midline of the neck

Roof: platysma and the investing fascia

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2
Q

mental triangle boundaries

A

Between two anterior bellies of digastric m. and the hyoid bone

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3
Q

muscular triangle boundaries

A

superior belly of the omohyoid

lower anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid

median line of the neck

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4
Q

submandibular triangle boundaries

A

posterior and anterior bellies of the digastric m.

inferior border of the mandible

floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus, middle constrictor m.

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5
Q

carotid triangle boundaries

A

anterior border of SCM

superior belly of omohyoid

posterior belly of digastric m.

stylohyoid

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6
Q

Which vessel lies in superficial fascia lateral to the SCM?

A

external jugular vein

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7
Q

Anterior jugular v.s can drain into…

A

EJV or into subclavian v. (deep to SCM)

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8
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohoyoid
anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid

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9
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
superior, inferior belly of omohyoid

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10
Q

Which a./v. cross inferior border of mandible and travel superiorly?

A

the FACIAL artery and vein

br. of external carotid a.

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11
Q

which nerves supply the digastric m. (anterior belly) and mylohyoid?

A

n. to mylohyoid (br. of mandibular division of trigeminal, CN V3)

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12
Q

Which n. supplies the digastric m. (posterior belly) and the styloyoid?

A

branches of facial n. (CN VII)

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13
Q

Inferior alveolar n.

A

br. of CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)

(enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen, passes along the mandibular canal, exits through the mental foramen)

sensory to teeth

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14
Q

two actions of the thyrohyoid m.

A
  • depress hyoid bone

- elevate thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

from C1-C3

innervates infrahyoid m. EXCEPT thyrohyoid

  • sternohyoid
  • sup belly of omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • inf belly of omohyoid
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16
Q

Innervation to thyrohyoid m.

A

directly innervated by a branch of C1 that piggy backs w/ hypoglossus n. (CN XII)

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17
Q

Which two roots of the ansa cervicalis piggy back with the hypoglossal n.?

A

Superior part of C1

Superior part of C2

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18
Q

upper loop of ansa cervicalis

A

C1

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19
Q

lower loop of ansa cervicalis

A

C2-C3

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20
Q

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of ___ that hitch-hike on the _________ n.

A

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of C1 that hitch-hike on the HYPOGLOSSAL n.

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21
Q

all infrahyoid muscles except the _______ are innervated by ansa cervicalis

A

all infrahyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID are innervated by ansa cervicalis

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22
Q

carotid triangle

A

IJV, CCA, vagus n.

surrounded by carotid sheath

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23
Q

Which vein is just lateral to the common carotid artery

A

internal juglar vein

24
Q

vagus n. lies between and just behind

A

internal juglar vein and common carotid artery

25
Q

n. structure coming around medial and lateral side of internal jugular vein and then join together

A

ansa cervicalis

26
Q

Where should you palpate the carotid pulse?

A

depression just anterior to SCM and below mandible

27
Q

right common carotid a. is a branch of the

A

brachiocephalic trunk

28
Q

Internal carotid a. vs external carotid a., which is anterior

A

external carotid a. is ANTERIOR to internal carotid a.

29
Q

left common carotid a. is a branch of the

A

arch of aorta

30
Q

the common carotid a. divides into internal and external carotid at ~ level of the

A

upper edge of thyroid cartilage

31
Q

the subclavian a. is divided into 3 parts by which m.?

A

anterior scalene m.

32
Q

The r. recurrent laryngeal n. crosses almost 90 degrees to which vessel?

A

inferior thyroid a.

33
Q

Which branches of the internal carotid a. travel into the neck?

A

NONE.

Internal carotid has no branches in the neck. Main job is in brain via cerebral arteries.

34
Q

Branches of the external carotid artery

A

SALFOPSMax

  • superior thyroid
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • facial
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
35
Q

Middle meningeal a. is a branch of which a.?

A

maxillary a.

36
Q

External carotid a. supplies everything outside the dura mater EXCEPT …

A

the anterior forehead, which is supplied by internal carotid a. via the supraorbital a. (br. of ophthalmic a.)

37
Q

arteries forming arterial circle of willis

A 
Anterior cerebral aa.
Anterior communicating a.
ICA --> Middle cerebral a.
Posterior communicating aa.
Posterior cerebral aa.
Basilar a.
Vertebral aa.
38
Q

receptor in carotid body

A

chemoreceptors

detect pO2, pCO2

39
Q

receptors in carotid sinus

A

baroreceptors

detect pressure

40
Q

innervation of carotid body/sinus

A

Visceral sensory.
Carotid sinus n.
(branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal)

41
Q

carotid sinus reflex

A

If palpate the carotid pulse too hard, carotid sinus is overstimulated –> decreased HR, syncope

HR slowed by vagus nerve (CN X)

42
Q

sympathetic chain (cervical) lies behind ________

A

sympathetic chain lies behind CAROTID SHEATH

43
Q

branches off of IJV

A 
occipital v
pharyngeal vv.
facial v.
lingual v
thyroid v. (superior, middle)
44
Q

superficial lymph nodes of the neck/head

A 
occipital
mastoid
parotid
submandibular
submental
45
Q

deep cervical nodes are divided into superior deep and inferior deep groups by _____________

A

omohyoid

46
Q

lymph node inflammed with pharyngitis

A

jugulo-digastric LN

47
Q

lymph node swollen with disease in thorax/abdomen

A

supraclavicular LN

48
Q

what drains lymphatics from head?

A

internal jugular trunk

empties into R thoracic duct on right // thoracic duct on left

49
Q

hormones produced by thyroid gland

A

T3/T4: regulate metabolism

Calcitonin: regulates Ca++ levels in blood

50
Q

thyroid gland lies posterior to ______,
anterior/lateral to ________ and __________,
medial to _________.

A

thyroid gland lies posterior to INFRAHYOID MUSCLES,
anterior/lateral to TRACHEA and ESOPHAGUS,
medial to CAROTID SHEATH.

51
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into__________

A

internal jugular vein

52
Q

pyramidal lobe of thyroid

A

remnant of thyroglossal duct (foramen cecum to thyroid gland)

53
Q

What stimulates the thyroid gland? Regulation?

A

TRH/TSH from hypothalamus/pitutary.

High levels of T3/T4 produce negative feedback on TRH/TSH to maintain a constant level.

54
Q

goiter

A

hypertrophy of thyroid gland.

Absence of iodine causes absence of T3/T4 –> increased TRH/TSH –> hypertrophy

55
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

Regulates level of calcium in blood/bones/GI system.

4 parathyroid glands (2 superior, 2 inferior)

56
Q

branches of subclavian artery

A

SUBCLAVIAN

INTERNAL THORACIC

THYROCERVICAL TRUNK

  • inf thyroid –> ascending cervical
  • transverse cervical
  • suprascapular

VERTEBRAL

COSTOCERVICAL

  • deep cervical
  • supreme intercostal
57
Q

what drains into internal jugular vein?

A
  • inf petrosal v
  • occipital v
  • pharyngeal vv.
  • facial v
  • lingual v
  • superior thyroid v
  • middle thyroid v

AIM - The Brain (105 decks)

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