Neuro - Misc/stop forgetting Flashcards
syringomyelia
- lesion in ventral white commisure
- affects pain/temp
- SUSPENDED at level of lesion
- next: anterior horn cells affected (LMN signs)
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- hemisection
- ipsilateral: position/vibration, paralysis
- contralateral: pain/temp sensation
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- COMBINED UMN and LMN
- affects long tract CST (UMN) – babinski
- affects anterior horn cells (LMN) – fasciculations
- sensory pathways normal
- progressive, slow
spinal muscular atrophy
ALS variant
-LMN
primary lateral sclerosis
ALS variant
- UMN
- steven hawking
bulbar ALS
ALS variant
-LMN cranial nerves
tabes dorsalis
- dorsal column affected
- loss of pain/temp in suspended areas (spreads to ventral white commisure!!)
- loss of position/vibration sense
- Romburg sign
subacute combined degeneration posterolateral sclerosis
- posterior column (Romberg)
- CST (UMN signs)
- vit D deficiency
- pernicious anemia
B12 deficiency
posterior column and corticospinal tracts
spinocerebellar degeneration (Friedrich’s ataxia)
- posterior column
- spinocerebellar tract
- corticospinal tract
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
- acute demyelinating syndrome
- autoimmune
- after viral/bacterial illness
- motor>sensory
Tx: plasma exchange, IVIG
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome
- chronic demyelinating myopathy
- hereditary
CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating nueropathy)
and Tx
-chronic demyelinating neuropathy
Tx: steroid, IVIG, plasma exchange
mysasthenia gravis is associated with
thymoma
weird symptom associated with LEMS
dry mouth
LEMS is associate with what tumor
SCLC
think NEUROPATHY when…
- proximal weakness
- SYMMETRIC weakness
- normal/enlarged muscles
- deep tendon reflex reduction parallels muscle strength
polymyositis
- same as dermatomyositis but w/o rash
- proximal
- elevated CK
- correllates with malignancy
inclusion body myositis
- DISTAL hand involvement
- elevated CK
- does NOT respond to steroids
drugs that can cause myopathies
- steroids
- statins
mutation associated with Beckers
in frame mutation
- partially functional protein
- less severe than duchenne’s
mutation associated with Duchenne’s
- framshift mutation
- nonfunctional protein
- more severe
- shorter life
myotonic dystrophy
- autosomal dominant
- trinucleotide repeats
- facial, DISTAL weakness
- temporal wasting, frontal balding
- myotonia - delayed relaxation
cerebellopontine angle
- extrinsic compression (tumors)
- begins with cranial nerve signs
- –vestibular before cochlear
- –later involvement of V and VII
- late occurrence of long tract signs
- -ataxia (MCP)
- -hemiparesis (CST)
if III, IV, and VI are involved, think __________
if III, IV, and VI are involved, think cavernous sinus
basilar artery occlusion
- bilateral hemiparesis (both CSTs)
- bilateral sensory loss (ascending systems)
- variable cranial nerve signs
- reticular system
lesion of PPRF
- complete lateral gaze palsy
- neither eye can look toward the side with the lesion
(PPRF cannot communicate to contralateral MLF for opposite eye to follow either)
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MLF lesion
- PPRF can still tell ipsilateral eye to look laterally
- contralateral MLF cannot communicate with CN III to move medial rectus to follow other eye
- medial nystagmus
one and a half syndrome
PPRF and MLF lesions
- complete impairment of lateral gaze on side of lesion
- –PPRF cannot move eye lateral, and cannot communicate to contralateral MLF to have other eye follow
-when trying to move eye contralateral to lesion laterally, PPRF (intact) can move that eye, but when it tries to communicate with the contralateral MLF (lesioned) it cannot and the other eye doesn’t follow
Parkinson’s - asymmetric or symmetric??
asymmetric
main 2 symptoms of huntingtons
- chorea
- dementia
schwanoma on cerebelopontine angle
5, 7, 8
