Cerebral Cortex HY

Question 1

frontal lobe: how many gyri?

Answer 1

4

• superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri
• precentral gyrus

Question 2

parietal lobe: how many gyri?

Answer 2

4

• postcentral gyrus
• superior parietal lobule
• supramarginal gyrus
• angular gyrus

Question 3

temporal lobe: how many gyri?

Answer 3

3

-superior/middle/inferior temporal gyri

Question 4

Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3

Answer 4

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 5

Brodmann area 4

Answer 5

primary motor cortex

Question 6

corpus callosum

Answer 6

-white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres

Question 7

language controlled by _________ hemisphere

Answer 7

language controlled by LEFT hemisphere

Question 8

_______ hemisphere controls the LEFT motor movements

Answer 8

RIGHT hemisphere controls the LEFT motor movements (contralateral)

Question 9

frontal lobe: location, major areas, primary functions

Answer 9

• anterior to central sulcus
• prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, frontal eye fields, Broca’s area
• motor function

Question 10

premotor cortex

Answer 10

• frontal lobe
• involved in planning movement
• association area: devoted to an elaboration of the associated primary area and involves motor functions associated with high-level intellectual functions

Question 11

motor cortex

Answer 11

• frontal lobe
• executes movement
• organized geographically to parts it controls (homonculus)

Question 12

distal parts of the body (legs, hands) are controlled by which area?

Answer 12

medially (homonculus)

Question 13

association areas

Answer 13

needed for high level intellectual functions

Question 14

Broca’s area

Answer 14

• in L frontal lobe, ant to primary motor cortex, just above temporal lobe
• involved in SPEECH PRODUCTION (motor formation of speech)
• lesion = Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)

Question 15

prefrontal cortex

Answer 15

• frontal lobe
• involved in social judgement
• inhibits impulsive thoughts/behaviors to fit social norms
• Phineas Gage
• implicated in schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder, ADHD

Question 16

damage to prefrontal cortex is associated with which disorders?

Answer 16

• schizophrenia
• antisocial PD
• ADHD

Question 17

Phineas Gage

Answer 17

• injury while working on railroad
• destroyed L frontal lobe
• transformed his personality

Question 18

parietal lobe: location, major areas, primary functions

Answer 18

• -posterior to central sulcus
• primary sensory cortex
• sensory function
• –visual and cognitive attention

Question 19

primary sensory cortex

Answer 19

• areas correspond geographically to parts of the body (homonculus)
• ascending dorsal column and spinothalamic pathways project here via thalamus
• lesions cause loss of sensation in corresponding area

Question 20

2nd somatosensory association area (S2)

Answer 20

• posterior to S1
• elaboration of associated primary area
• involves sensory functions associated with high level functions (spatial attention)

Question 21

unilateral lesion to parietal lobe?

Answer 21

• causes contralateral neglect
• pt fails to pay attention to contralateral side
• R lesion: only draw numbers on L side of clock

Question 22

occipital lobe: location, major areas, primary functions

Answer 22

• most posterior region of cortex
• primary visual cortex, association visual cortex
• vision

Question 23

primary visual cortex

Answer 23

-receives input from the retina via lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Question 24

temporal lobe: location, major areas, primary functions

Answer 24

• lateral to Sylvian fissure
• major areas: primary auditory cortex, hippocampus amygdala, Wernicke’s area
• auditory function, memory, emotion, language comprehension

Question 25

primary auditory cortex

Answer 25

• located in superior temporal gyrus

- contains Heschl’s gyrus

Question 26

Wernicke’s area

Answer 26

• located in posterior 1/3 of superior temporal gyrus
• close to auditory cortex
• SPEECH COMPREHENSION
• damage = Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 27

Heschl’s gyrus

Answer 27

-located in transverse temporal gyri in primary auditory complex, buried withing lateral sulcus

Question 28

auditory hallucinations (schizophrenia) light up which area of the brain during MRI?

Answer 28

-Heschl’s gyrus

Question 29

ocular dominance

Answer 29

• limit stimulus from 1 eye during development

- greater representation of intact eye in adult (convergence)