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AIM - The Brain > ANS Head & Neck > Flashcards

ANS Head & Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers exit the brain (originate) within which cranial nerves?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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2
Q

cranio-sacral ANS

A

parasympathetic

brainstem nuclei + S2-S4

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3
Q

thoraco-lumbar ANS

A

sympathetic

T1-L2

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4
Q

preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located within

A

IML cell column of T1-L2

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5
Q

specifically HEAD AND NECK preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies lie within

A

IML cell columns of T1-T3

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6
Q

HEAD AND NECK preganglionic sympathetic axons enter sympathetic chain/trunk and ascend to the ___________ ganglion

A

HEAD AND NECK preganglionic sympathetic axons enter sympathetic chain/trunk and ascend to the SUPERIOR CERVICAL ganglion

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7
Q

HEAD AND NECK sympathetic path

A

preganglionic cell bodies in IML T1-T3

preganglionic axons enter sympathetic chain and
ascend to SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION

preganglionic axons synapse on postganglionic cell bodies w/i superior cervical ganglion

postganglionic axons follow ARTERIES and CRANIAL NERVES to targets

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8
Q

sympathetic chain is deep to which vessel?

A

common carotid a.

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9
Q

3 named ganglion of the neck (and levels?)

A

superior cervical ganglion (base of skull, ~C1-C3)

middle cervical ganglion (C6)

inferior cervical ganglion (can fuse w/ T1 ganglion –> “stellate ganglion”)

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10
Q

different routes traveled by postganglionic sympathetic fibers of the head/neck

A

cardiac/cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

gray rami –> cervical spinal nerves

peri-arterial plexuses

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11
Q

post ganglionic fibers traveling from superior cervical ganglion will then form periarterial plexuses on which 2 vessels

A

CCA or ICA

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12
Q

generalized effects of sympathetics throughout head/neck

A

arrestor pili m. (goosebumps)

peripheral blood vessels (vasoconstriction)

sweat glands (activation)

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13
Q

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

A

holds preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies whose axons will exit brain stem w/ CN III (OCCULOMOTOR)

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14
Q

super salivatory nucleus

A

holds preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies whose axons will exit brain with CN VII (FACIAL)

(intermediate n.)

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15
Q

dosal vagal nucleus

A

holds preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies whose axons will exit brain with CN X (VAGUS)

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16
Q

inferior salivatory nucleus

A

holds preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies whose axons will exit brain with CN IX (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL)

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17
Q

CN III exits brain stem at

A

pontomedullary junction

ventral side of brainstem

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18
Q

superior orbital fissure is just lateral to the _________

A

superior orbital fissure is just lateral to the optic canal

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19
Q

After passing thru the superior orbital fissure, CN III splits into _____ and _____

Parasympathetics follow the _____

A

After passing thru the superior orbital fissure, CN III splits into SUPERIOR DIVISION and INFERIOR DIVISION

Parasympathetics follow the INFERIOR DIVISION

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20
Q

parasympathetics traveling w/ CN III synapse on the ______ ganglion (held in place by _________ nerves)

postganglionics then innervate which m.?

A

parasympathetics traveling w/ CN III synapse on the CILIARY ganglion (held in place by SHORT CILIARY N.)

postganglionics then innervate SPHINCTER PUPILLAE M. AND CILIARY M.

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21
Q

See periarterial plexus around ICA in skull, know you’ve passed the ___________ ganglion

A

See periarterial plexus around ICA in skull, know you’ve passed the SUPERIOR CERVICAL ganglion and so they are POSTGANGLIONIC sympathetic fibers

22
Q

orbit sympathetic path I

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers jump off ICA

go thru superior orbital fissure

pass thru SYMPATHETIC ROOT OF CILIARY GANGLION (do NOT synapse)

travel with SHORT CILIARY N. to targets
(DILATOR PUPILLAE m. and SUPERIOR TARSAL m.)

23
Q

orbit sympathetic path II

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers jump off ICA

go thru superior orbital fissure

travel with nasociliary n. (CN V1)

BYASS ciliary ganglion, travel w/ LONG CILIARY N.

travel to targets (DILATOR PUPILLAE m. and SUPERIOR TARSAL m.)

24
Q

ciliary m. (relaxed vs. contracted)

A

relaxed –> zonular fibers are tense and hold the lens flat (for distant vision)

contracted –> zolular fibers relax, lens becomes spherical (for near vision)

PARASYMPATHETIC control

25
Q

superior tarsal m.

A

aka Muller’s m.

located in upper eyelid, widens eye

SYMPATHETIC control

26
Q

levator palpebrae superioris m.

A

elevates upper eyelid
(defect –> drooping, ptosis)

SOMATIC control (via CN III)

27
Q

eye smooth muscle parasympathetic response

A

constriction of pupil –> sphincter pupillae

rounding/thickening of lens for near vision (accommodation) –> ciliary m.

28
Q

eye smooth muscle sympathetic response

A

dilation of pupil –> dilator pupillae

widening of eye –> superior tarsal m. AKA Muller’s m.

29
Q

edinger-westphal nucleus –> ? –> sphincter pupillae/ciliary m

A

edinger-westphal nucleus –> superior orbital fissure –> inferior div CNIII –> ciliary ganglion –> short ciliary n. –> sphincter pupillae/ciliary m

30
Q

IML T1-T3 –> ? –> dilator pupillary/Muller’s m.

A

IML T1-T3 –> superior cervical ganglion –> caroti canal –> superior orbital fissure –>

then either
1. sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion –> short ciliary n. –> dilator pupillary/Muller’s m.

  1. nasociliary n. –> long ciliary n. –> dilator pupillary/Muller’s m.
31
Q

just before greater petrosal n. enters the Vidian canal, which n. fibers join it?
Where are they traveling?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers of DEEP PETROSAL N. –> pass thru PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION –> nasal/nasopharynx/hard,soft palate mucosa glands AND lacrimal gland

(DEEP petrosal is sympathetic, GREATER is parasympathetic)

32
Q

CN V2 runs through _____ fossa and suspends the _____ ganglion

A

CN V2 runs through PTERYGOPALATINE fossa and suspends the PTERYGOPALATINE ganglion

33
Q

Vidian n. carries

A

preganglionic parasympathetics to synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion

postganglionic sympathetics to pass thru pterygopalatine ganglion

34
Q

preganglionic parasympathetics synapsing in pterygopalatine ganglion ultimately act to

A

activate glands of lacrimal/nasal/nasopharynx/hard and soft palate mucosa

35
Q

postganglionic sympathetics passing thru pterygopalatine ganglion ultimately act to

A

constrict blood vessels, cause nasal/nasopharynx/hard and soft palate mucosa gland secretions to SLOW/THICKEN

(fibers of the deep petrosal n.)

36
Q

at pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetics and sympathetics also ascend up ___ and travel along which branches?
ultimate action?

A

postganglionic parasympathetics and sympathetics ascend up V2 and travel along branches…

zygomatic n.
br. of zygomatic n.
lacrimal n.

parasympathetics –> lacrimation
sympathetics –> slow tearing (vasoconstriction blood vessels)

37
Q

petrotympanic fissure is just posterior to which fossa?

A

MANDIBULAR FOSSA

38
Q

submandibular ganglion holds which cell bodies?

A

postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

39
Q

How do sympathetic fibers get to oral cavity?

A

T1-T3 –> superior cervical ganglion –> jump on external carotid artery to reach target structures, follow facial a./lingual a.

(postganglionic cell bodies are in SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION)

40
Q

Tongue innervation

A

general sensory anterior 2/3 tongue

41
Q

lesion of chorda tympani BEFORE reaching lingual n.

A

affects. ..
- preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (submandibular secretion)
- taste fibers (ant 2/3 tongue)

can still feel food

42
Q

lesion of lingual n. AFTER joined by chorda tympani

A

affects. ..
- preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (submandibular secretion)
- taste fibers (ant 2/3 tongue)
- general sensory (ant 2/3 tongue) by lingual n (br. V3)

43
Q

which is lateral, groove for greater petrosal n. or groove for lesser petrosal n.?

A

groove for lesser petrosal n.

44
Q

where is otic ganglion located?

A

medial side of CN V3

45
Q

where is parotid gland located

A

external side of ramus of mandible

46
Q

sympathetic stimulation of parotid gland (path)

A

superior cervical ganglion –> postganglionic fibers –> periarterial plexus –> ECA –> parotid gland –> slow/thicken secretions of parotid gland

47
Q

where are POSTganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of CN X located?

A

adjacent or within effector organ wall

48
Q

Horner Syndrome

A

interruption of sympathetic pathway to head, resulting in ipsilateral…

  • constriction of pupil (miosis)
  • drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis)
  • absence of sweating (anhydrosis)
  • redness/increased temp of skin (vasodilation)
49
Q

Pancoast tumor

A

in apex of lung

can compress sympathetic chain and cause ptosis/constriction of pupil

50
Q

drooping of superior eyelid (AKA _______) can be seen if innervation to _______ is disrupted

A

drooping of superior eyelid (AKA ptosis) can be seen if innervation to SUPERIOR TARSAL N. is disrupted

51
Q

where are POSTganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of CN III located?

A

ciliary ganglion

52
Q

where are POSTganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of CN IX located?

A

otic ganglion

AIM - The Brain (105 decks)

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