Old Neuro Flashcards
syringomyelia
- lesion in ventral white commisure
- affects pain/temp
- SUSPENDED at level of lesion
- next: anterior horn cells affected (LMN signs)
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- hemisection
- ipsilateral: position/vibration, paralysis
- contralateral: pain/temp sensation
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- COMBINED UMN and LMN
- affects long tract CST (UMN) – babinski
- affects anterior horn cells (LMN) – fasciculations
- sensory pathways normal
- progressive, slow
spinal muscular atrophy
ALS variant
-LMN
primary lateral sclerosis
ALS variant
- UMN
- steven hawking
bulbar ALS
ALS variant
-LMN cranial nerves
tabes dorsalis
- dorsal column affected
- loss of pain/temp in suspended areas (spreads to ventral white commisure!!)
- loss of position/vibration sense
- Romburg sign
subacute combined degeneration posterolateral sclerosis
- posterior column (Romberg)
- CST (UMN signs)
- vit D deficiency
- pernicious anemia
B12 deficiency
posterior column and corticospinal tracts
spinocerebellar degeneration (Friedrich’s ataxia)
- posterior column
- spinocerebellar tract
- corticospinal tract
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
- acute demyelinating syndrome
- autoimmune
- after viral/bacterial illness
- motor>sensory
Tx: plasma exchange, IVIG
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome
- chronic demyelinating myopathy
- hereditary
CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating nueropathy)
and Tx
-chronic demyelinating neuropathy
Tx: steroid, IVIG, plasma exchange
think NEUROPATHY when…
- proximal weakness
- SYMMETRIC weakness
- normal/enlarged muscles
- deep tendon reflex reduction parallels muscle strength
myotonic dystrophy
- autosomal dominant
- trinucleotide repeats
- facial, DISTAL weakness
- temporal wasting, frontal balding
- myotonia - delayed relaxation
cerebellopontine angle
- extrinsic compression (tumors)
- begins with cranial nerve signs
- –vestibular before cochlear
- –later involvement of V and VII
- late occurrence of long tract signs
- -ataxia (MCP)
- -hemiparesis (CST)
if III, IV, and VI are involved, think __________
if III, IV, and VI are involved, think cavernous sinus
lesion of PPRF
- complete lateral gaze palsy
- neither eye can look toward the side with the lesion
(PPRF cannot communicate to contralateral MLF for opposite eye to follow either)
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MLF lesion
- PPRF can still tell ipsilateral eye to look laterally
- contralateral MLF cannot communicate with CN III to move medial rectus to follow other eye
- medial nystagmus
Parkinson’s - asymmetric or symmetric??
asymmetric
main 2 symptoms of huntingtons
- chorea
- dementia
schwanoma on cerebelopontine angle
5, 7, 8
