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AIM - The Brain > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

(SCALP)

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2
Q

innervation of occipital-frontalis m.

A

CN VII

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3
Q

innervation of temporalis m.

A

CN V3

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4
Q

neurocranium bones

A 
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
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5
Q

viscerocranium bones

A 
nasal
maxillary
zygomatic
mandibular
vomer
ethmoid
lacrimal
inferior nasal concha
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6
Q

Which artery is susceptible to damage through a pterion fracture?

A

middle meningeal a.

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7
Q

Which is more anterior: groove for greater petrosal n. or groove for lesser petrosal n.?

A

groove for lesser petrosal n.

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8
Q

Which m. originates from the scaphoid fossa

A

tensor veli palatini

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9
Q

Which n. travels through the pterotympanic fissure?

A

Chorda tympani (br. of facial n.)

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10
Q

Which n. travels through the tympanic canaliculus?

A

Tympanic n.

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11
Q

Which n. travels through the vidian canal?

A

vidian n.

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12
Q

2 parts of the dura mater

A

cranial dura

spinal dura

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13
Q

2 layers of the cranial dura

A

periosteal outer layer

meningeal inner layer

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14
Q

4 dural partitions in the brain

A

falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

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15
Q

falx cerebri

A

separates cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

falx cerebelli

A

lies between cerebellar hemispheres

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17
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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18
Q

diaphragma sellea

A

lies over the pituitary gland

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19
Q

emissary veins

A

drain blood from scalp

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20
Q

diploid veins

A

drain blood from bone

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21
Q

granular foveola

A

impressions on calvaria made by arachnoid granulations

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22
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

endothelial lined spaces between meningeal and periosteal layers of dura.

drain blood to IJV.

23
Q

______ veins cross the subdural space

A

BRIDGING veins cross the subdural space

24
Q

Path of superior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV

A

superior sagittal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> R transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

25
Q

Path of inferior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV

A

inferior sagittal sinus –> straight sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

26
Q

Path of occipital sinus drainage to IJV

A

occipital sinus –>(travels superiorly) confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

27
Q

the cavernous sinus drains into which 2 sinuses?

A

superior petrosal sinus

inferior petrosal sinus

28
Q

Path of inferior petrosal sinus to IJV

A

inferior petrosal sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

29
Q

Path of superior petrosal sinus to IJV

A

superior petrosal sinus –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

30
Q 
cavernous sinuses 
(location, structures they drain?)
A

paired dural venous sinuses found on either side of sella turcica

drain the orbit, anterior aspect of the brain, and sphenoparietal sinus

31
Q

contents of cavernous sinuses

A

internal carotid a. + surrounding sympathetic plexus

CN III
CN IV
CN V1,V2
CN VI
^embedded in lateral wall of sinus
32
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis

signs/sx

A 
pain
conjunctival chemosis
proptosis
ptosis (CNIII)
dilated pupil (CNIII)
corneal reflex lost (CNV1)
double vision
facial sensory loss
opthalmoplegia (CNIII, CNIV, CNVI)
33
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis tx

A

vigorous and early use of anticoagulants
abx
drainange and elimination of infection

34
Q

Innervation of dura mater is via

A

br. of CN V and spinal nerves C2 and C3

35
Q

innervation of anterior cranial fossa dura

A

CN V1
CN V2
CN V3

36
Q

innervation of the middle cranial fossa dura

A

CN V2

CN V3

37
Q

innervation of the posterior cranial fossa dura floor

A

C2 and C3

38
Q

innervation of posterior cranial fossa dura roof (tentorium)

A

tentorial n.

CN V1

39
Q

innervation of posterior falx cerebri dura

A

tentorial n.

CN V1

40
Q

innervation of anterior falx cerebri dura

A

anterior meningeal n.

CN V1

41
Q

Which vessels run through the arachnoid mater?

A

NONE. All cerebral a. lie in the subarachnoid space

42
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

small projections to venous sinuses to drain CSF

43
Q

pia mater

A

vascular layer that is adherent to brain surface

extends w/ cerebral sulk and covers gyri

44
Q

arachnoid trabeculae

A

connect arachnoid mater to pia mater

helps suspend brain

45
Q

extracerebral hemorrhage

A

bleeding between bony calvarium and the soft tissue of the brain

increases intracranial pressure

46
Q

epidural hematoma

A

blood contained between dura and inner table of skull

commonly develop in temporal and parietal regions

source of bleeding is usually middle meningeal a.

sx: initial lucid interval, HA, vomiting, clear fluid from nose/mouth, loss of consciousness 3-8 hr later

47
Q

subdural hematoma

A

blood contained between brain parenchyma and dural membranes

elderly at risk (age –> atrophy /smaller vol of cerebral cortex –> inc space in subdural compartment –> stretch on bridging v. between skull and cerebral surface

inc ICP –> unconsciousness/death

appears as CONCAVE LENS

48
Q

subarachnoid hematoma

A

blood between arachnoid and pia mater (via birth trauma/ hypoxic injury/aneurysm rupture)

blood can obstruct CSF reabsorption –> inc ICP w/ hydrocephalus

tx: ventriculoperitoneal shunt

49
Q

circle of Willis is a part of ______ circulation

A

circle of Willis is a part of CEREBRAL circulation

50
Q

Berry aneurysm commonly occurs in which a.s?

A

anterior cerebral a.
anterior communicating a.
middle cerebral a.

51
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

mucosa-lined, air-filled

  • reduces weight of skill
  • enhance resonance of voice
  • warm/humidify inspired air
  • absorb shock
  • contribute to facial growth
52
Q

sinusitis causes

A

common cold
allergic rhinitis
nasal polyps
deviated septum

53
Q

What accounts for up to 40% of all maxillary sinusitis cases?

A

odontogenic sinusitis

AIM - The Brain (105 decks)

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