Nictoine Flashcards
What is the solubility of Nicotine?
Water soluble
How is nicotine absorbed?
Through the skin
mucous membranes
respiratory tract
Where is nicotine absorption highest?
intestines because of the increase in pH
Where is the exposure of Nicotine?
Contaminated feed or water
ingestion of tobacco products
What are the two principle oxidative metabolites of Nicotine?
Cotine
Nicotine-1’-N-oxide
In what kind of urine is Nicotine excretion decreased?
alkaline or high urine pH
In what kind of urine is Nicotine excretion increased?
acidic or low urine pH
What is the mechanism of action of Nicotine?
Stimulant of parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic receptor agonist
Stimulates Chemo-Receptor Trigger Zone to initiate vomiting
Clinical signs of Nicotine toxicosis?
Ataxia lethargy Hypersalivation vomiting Bradycardia Tremors convulsions CNS depression tachycardia vasodilation paralysis of respiratory muscles --> death
What is the clinical course of Nicotine?
Minutes to hours
What samples are used for diagnostic testing of Nicotine toxicosis?
blood vomitus gastric contents urine Liver Kidneys
What is the treatment for Nicotine toxicosis?
Decontamination: Emesis, gastric lavage, activated Charcoal, IV Fluids lower pH of urine Atropine Diazepam for seizures
What should you avoid in treatment of Nicotine toxicosis?
ANTACIDS!
What is the prognosis for an animal with Nicotine toxicosis?
Poor with large doses
If the animal survives the first 4 hours = good!
