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RUSVM Toxicology 2016 > Molluscicides (Methaldehyde) > Flashcards

Molluscicides (Methaldehyde) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources for Metaldehyde?

A

Pesticide for snail and slug killer

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2
Q

What is the exposure method of Metaldehyde?

A

Ingestion of baits

Malicious poisoning

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3
Q

What are the properties of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Irritant
Flammable
Poorly soluble in water
Soluble in benzene, chloroform, and oil

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4
Q

What species is susceptible to Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

All - Dogs, Cats, livestock, and horses

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5
Q

What is the most toxic exposure route of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Inhalation

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6
Q

What are the routes of exposure for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Inhalation

Ingestion

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7
Q

What does Metaldehyde change to with acid hydrolysis?

A

acetaldehyde

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8
Q

What can decrease the toxicity of Metaldehyde?

A

Enzyme inducers

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of Action of Metaldehyde?

A

decreases brain GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with GABA inhibition?

A

seizures/CNS excitation

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

GI irritation: Salivation, vomiting, diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperthermia due to CNS excitation (“Shake and Bake”)
CNS signs: incoordination, muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, convulsive seizures, opisthotonos
Mydriasis
Nystagmus
Reversible Blindness

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12
Q

What is the cause of death for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Respiratory failure

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13
Q

What do dogs develop that survive the acute disease of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

liver failure

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14
Q

What are the lesions associated with Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A 
Formaldehyde odor in stomach contents
Petechiae/ecchymoses in the GI mucosa
Congestion 
edema
hemorrhage in lung, liver, and kidneys
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15
Q

What is the laboratory finding for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Detection of metaldehyde in stomach contents

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Decontamination: Emetics, Gastric lavage, activated charcoal

17
Q

What are the symptomatic treatments for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Fluid therapy
Manage hyperthermia
Treatment of seizures
Muscle relaxants

18
Q

What is the prognosis for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Good if they survive first 24 hours

Full recovery may take 2-3 weeks

RUSVM Toxicology 2016 (32 decks)

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