Bromethalin Flashcards
What are the sources of exposure to Bromethalin?
Ingestion of bait
Properties of Bromethalin
Effective against warfarin resistant rodents
Bromethalin toxicokinetics
Lipophilic Absorbed rapidly orally Widely distributed to tissues metabolized in the liver to a more toxic metabolite excreted in the bile Undergoes enterohepatic recirculation Small amount excreted in the urine
What is the half life of Bromethalin?
5-6 days
Mechanism of Action of Bromethalin?
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Lack of adequate ATP
What are the primary targets of Bromethalin?
Spinal cord
Brain
What are the clinical signs of the brain from Bromethalin?
edema
increased pressure
damage through lipid peroxidation
What are the acute clinical signs of Bromethalin?
Severe muscle tremors hyperthermia extreme hyperexcitability running fits seizures
What are the subacute clinical signs of Bromethalin?
Hind-limb ataxia proprioceptive deficits paresis paralysis loss of deep pain response patellar hyperreflexia UMN bladder CNS depression Focal motor or generalized seizures decerebrate posture respiratory failure
What are the lesions seen in Bromethalin?
Cerebral edema
Diffuse white matter vacuolization through CNS
What are the samples to take for Bromethalin toxicosis?
stomach contents vomitus fat liver kidney brain
Treatment of Bromethalin toxicosis?
Decontamination: Emesis, Activated Charcoal with sorbitol or other cathartic Monitor electrolytes!! Supportive care Treat seizures/tremors Nutritional Support Gingko biloba!!
What is the prognosis for Bromethalin toxicosis?
Mild cases - signs resolve in several week s
Severe cases - grave prognosis
