Definitions Flashcards
Biotoxin
a poison from a biological process
Toxic
used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons
Toxicosis
the disease caused by exposure too a poison
Toxicity
the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects
Acute toxicity
the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during 24-hour period
Subacute toxicity
the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days
Subchronic toxicity
the effect of exposure from 30-90 days
Chronic toxicity
the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more
Chronocity factor
the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50
HNTD
Highest nontoxic dose
Highest nontoxic dose (HNTD)
the highest or largest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations
MTD
Maximum tolerated dose or minimal toxic dose
TDL
Toxic Dose Low
Toxic Dose Low (TDL)
the lowest dose which produces toxic alteration and administering twice this dose will not cause death
TDH
Toxic Dose High
Toxic Dose High (TDH)
the dose which produces toxic alteration and administering twice this dose will result in death
No-effect level (Maximum nontoxic level)
the amount of a chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness, or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90 days to 2 years or more depending on the species)
LD0
the highest dose that does not cause any death
LD50
the dose that kills 50% of animals in a group
LD100
the lowest does that kills all animals in a group
Sources of Natural Poison
Plant
Animal
Mineral
Fungi
Sources of Synthetic Poisons
Organophosphates
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
Organic herbicides
Toxicant
any substance when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with lie processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal
Causes harmful or undesirable effects
Toxicology
the science of poisons
The science of toxicants, their physical and chemical properties, sources, biological effects, mechanisms of action, clinical signs, lesions, analyses, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of diseases caused by toxicants
