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RUSVM Toxicology 2016 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Biotoxin

A

a poison from a biological process

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2
Q

Toxic

A

used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons

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3
Q

Toxicosis

A

the disease caused by exposure too a poison

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4
Q

Toxicity

A

the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects

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5
Q

Acute toxicity

A

the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during 24-hour period

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6
Q

Subacute toxicity

A

the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days

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7
Q

Subchronic toxicity

A

the effect of exposure from 30-90 days

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8
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more

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9
Q

Chronocity factor

A

the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50

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10
Q

HNTD

A

Highest nontoxic dose

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11
Q

Highest nontoxic dose (HNTD)

A

the highest or largest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations

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12
Q

MTD

A

Maximum tolerated dose or minimal toxic dose

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13
Q

TDL

A

Toxic Dose Low

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14
Q

Toxic Dose Low (TDL)

A

the lowest dose which produces toxic alteration and administering twice this dose will not cause death

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15
Q

TDH

A

Toxic Dose High

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16
Q

Toxic Dose High (TDH)

A

the dose which produces toxic alteration and administering twice this dose will result in death

17
Q

No-effect level (Maximum nontoxic level)

A

the amount of a chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness, or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90 days to 2 years or more depending on the species)

18
Q

LD0

A

the highest dose that does not cause any death

19
Q

LD50

A

the dose that kills 50% of animals in a group

20
Q

LD100

A

the lowest does that kills all animals in a group

21
Q

Sources of Natural Poison

A

Plant
Animal
Mineral
Fungi

22
Q

Sources of Synthetic Poisons

A

Organophosphates
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
Organic herbicides

23
Q

Toxicant

A

any substance when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with lie processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal
Causes harmful or undesirable effects

24
Q

Toxicology

A

the science of poisons
The science of toxicants, their physical and chemical properties, sources, biological effects, mechanisms of action, clinical signs, lesions, analyses, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of diseases caused by toxicants

RUSVM Toxicology 2016 (32 decks)

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