Fungicides

Question 1

Fungicide

Answer 1

chemicals used to prevent or treat fungal infections in plants

Question 2

What are the uses for Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 2

wood preservatives

Question 3

What are the sources of Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?

Answer 3

Vapors can penetrate the intact skin
Inhalation of treated walls in sheds and barns with poor ventilation
Licking wood treated with Pentachlorophenol
Ingestion of contaminated feeds or water with spills of Pentachlorophenol

Question 4

What is the most toxic route of exposure of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 4

Dermal

Question 5

Properties of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 5

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide and fungicide
not very soluble in water
soluble in oils and organic solvents
Irritant to mucous membranes, respiratory tract, and skin

Question 6

What factors increase toxicity of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 6

High ambient temperature 
Oily or organic solvent 
previous exposure 
poor condition 
newborn 
hyperthyroidism

Question 7

What factors decrease toxicity of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 7

cold temperature
antithyroid drugs
presence of body fat

Question 8

Where is Pentachlorophenol readily absorbed from?

Answer 8

GI tract
Inhalation
intact skin

Question 9

What is the half life of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 9

1.5-2 days

Question 10

How is Pentachlorophenol metabolized?

Answer 10

conjugation to glucuronic acid

Question 11

How is Pentachlorophenol excreted?

Answer 11

As glucuronides or unchanged in urine

Question 12

Why are cats more sensitive to Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?

Answer 12

They are deficient in glucuronidation

Question 13

How long does it take for residues of Pentachlorophenol to be depleted in the tissues and fat?

Answer 13

1 week

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action for Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 14

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and blocks or decreases ATP

Question 15

What does the mechanism of Action o Pentachlorophenol result in?

Answer 15

overheating
metabolic acidosis
dehydration

Question 16

What does Pentachlorophenol toxicosis of cause?

Answer 16

Irritation of the eye, respiratory, GI mucosa, and intact skin

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of Acute toxicosis of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 17

Hyperthermia 
tachycardia 
dyspnea 
cyanosis 
seizure 
collapse 
death

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of Pentachlorophenol toxicosis in newborn pigs?

Answer 18

hyperthermia
skin irritation
rapid death

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of chronic toxicosis of Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 19

Weight loss
decreased milk production 
anemia 
fetal malformations 
abortions

Question 20

What are the lesions associated with Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 20

Local irritation of eye and mucous membranes
Pulmonary congestion
Degenerative changes in the liver, kidney, and brain
Dark blood (oxygen deprivation)
Hyperkeratosis of the skin
villous like hyperplasia of urinary bladder mucosa

Question 21

What is the treatment for Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?

Answer 21

Detoxificiation: Emetics, Activated Charcoal, Soap and water bath

Question 22

What is the symptomatic therapy for Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 22

Oxygen therapy
Loweirng the body temp
IV fludis
electrolytes for dehydration and metabolic acidosis
Prophylactic use of antibiotics and multiple vitamins

Question 23

What is the prognosis for Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?

Answer 23

If the animal survives 24 hours, the chances for complete recovery are fair

Question 24

What is important about Pentachlorophenol?

Answer 24

Carcinogenic