Fungicides Flashcards
Fungicide
chemicals used to prevent or treat fungal infections in plants
What are the uses for Pentachlorophenol?
wood preservatives
What are the sources of Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?
Vapors can penetrate the intact skin
Inhalation of treated walls in sheds and barns with poor ventilation
Licking wood treated with Pentachlorophenol
Ingestion of contaminated feeds or water with spills of Pentachlorophenol
What is the most toxic route of exposure of Pentachlorophenol?
Dermal
Properties of Pentachlorophenol?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide and fungicide
not very soluble in water
soluble in oils and organic solvents
Irritant to mucous membranes, respiratory tract, and skin
What factors increase toxicity of Pentachlorophenol?
High ambient temperature Oily or organic solvent previous exposure poor condition newborn hyperthyroidism
What factors decrease toxicity of Pentachlorophenol?
cold temperature
antithyroid drugs
presence of body fat
Where is Pentachlorophenol readily absorbed from?
GI tract
Inhalation
intact skin
What is the half life of Pentachlorophenol?
1.5-2 days
How is Pentachlorophenol metabolized?
conjugation to glucuronic acid
How is Pentachlorophenol excreted?
As glucuronides or unchanged in urine
Why are cats more sensitive to Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?
They are deficient in glucuronidation
How long does it take for residues of Pentachlorophenol to be depleted in the tissues and fat?
1 week
What is the mechanism of action for Pentachlorophenol?
uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and blocks or decreases ATP
What does the mechanism of Action o Pentachlorophenol result in?
overheating
metabolic acidosis
dehydration
What does Pentachlorophenol toxicosis of cause?
Irritation of the eye, respiratory, GI mucosa, and intact skin
What are the clinical signs of Acute toxicosis of Pentachlorophenol?
Hyperthermia tachycardia dyspnea cyanosis seizure collapse death
What are the clinical signs of Pentachlorophenol toxicosis in newborn pigs?
hyperthermia
skin irritation
rapid death
What are the clinical signs of chronic toxicosis of Pentachlorophenol?
Weight loss decreased milk production anemia fetal malformations abortions
What are the lesions associated with Pentachlorophenol?
Local irritation of eye and mucous membranes
Pulmonary congestion
Degenerative changes in the liver, kidney, and brain
Dark blood (oxygen deprivation)
Hyperkeratosis of the skin
villous like hyperplasia of urinary bladder mucosa
What is the treatment for Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?
Detoxificiation: Emetics, Activated Charcoal, Soap and water bath
What is the symptomatic therapy for Pentachlorophenol?
Oxygen therapy
Loweirng the body temp
IV fludis
electrolytes for dehydration and metabolic acidosis
Prophylactic use of antibiotics and multiple vitamins
What is the prognosis for Pentachlorophenol toxicosis?
If the animal survives 24 hours, the chances for complete recovery are fair
What is important about Pentachlorophenol?
Carcinogenic
